Презентація. The Wonders of Great Britain. Підручник Несвіт сторінки 136-137

Durham Castle and Cathedral

Durham Castle and Cathedral is a World Heritage Site in Durham, England. Durham Cathedral was built in the late 11th and early 12th centuries to house the relics of St Cuthbert and the Venerable Bede. It is the largest and finest example of Norman architecture in England. Behind the cathedral stands the castle, an ancient Norman fortress which was the residence of the prince-bishops of Durham. UNESCO inscribed the site on the World Heritage List in 1986 for its outstanding universal significance to humanity.

St Kilda

It is a remote archipelago situated 35 miles (65 kilometres) west-northwest in the North Atlantic Ocean. It contains the westernmost islands of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. The largest island is Hirta, whose sea cliffs are the highest in the United Kingdom; three other islands (Dùn, Soay and Boreray) were also used for grazing and seabird hunting. The islands are administratively a part of the Comhairle nan Eilean Siar local authority area. The islands' human heritage includes unique architectural features from the historic and prehistoric periods, although the earliest written records of island life date from the Late Middle Ages. The medieval village on Hirta was rebuilt in the 19th century, but illnesses brought by increased external contacts through tourism during the First World War contributed to the island's evacuation. The entire archipelago is owned by the National Trust for Scotland. It became one of Scotland's seven World Heritage Sites in 1986, and is one of the few in the world to hold joint status for both its natural and cultural qualities. It has been known for some time that St Kilda was continuously inhabited for two millennia or more, from the Bronze Age until 1930. Most modern people feel that the predominant theme of life on St Kilda was isolation. When Martin Martin visited the islands in 1697, the only means of making the journey was by open boat, which could take several days and nights of rowing and sailing across the ocean and was next to impossible in autumn and winter.

City of Bath

City of Bath is a city in Somerset, England, known for and named after its Roman-built baths. At the 2021 the population was 94,080. Bath is in the valley of the River Avon, 97 miles (156 km) west of London and 11 miles (18 km) southeast of Bristol. The city became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, and was later added to the transnational World Heritage Site known as the "Great Spa Towns of Europe" in 2021. Bath is also the largest city and settlement in Somerset. The city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis ("the waters of Sulis") c. 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon. Bath Abbey was founded in the 7th century and became a religious centre; the building was rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries. Many of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood, the Elder, and in the 18th century the city became fashionable and the population grew. Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century. Bath has over 6 million yearly visitors, making it one of the ten English cities visited most by overseas tourists. Attractions include the spas, canal boat tours, Royal Crescent, Bath Skyline, Parade Gardens, Sydney Gardens and Royal Victoria Park which hosts carnivals and seasonal events. Shopping areas include South. Gate shopping centre, the Corridor arcade and artisan shops at Walcot, Milsom, Stall and York Streets. There are theatres, including the Theatre Royal, as well as several museums including the Museum of Bath Architecture, the Victoria Art Gallery, the Museum of East Asian Art, the Herschel Museum of Astronomy, Fashion Museum, and the Holburne Museum. The city has two universities – the University of Bath and Bath Spa University – with Bath College providing further education. Sporting clubs from the city include Bath Rugby and Bath City.

Frontiers of the Roman Empire. It is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence system of ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire. The term has been extended in modern times to refer to the frontier defences in other parts of the empire, such as in the east and in Africa. The Roman frontier stretched for more than 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi) from the Atlantic coast of northern Britain, through Europe to the Black Sea, and from there to the Red Sea and across North Africa to the Atlantic coast. The positions of the borders changed especially during the main periods of Roman expansion and first became more stable during the early Empire period under Augustus, but the borders continued to change with time in different provinces. The borders had different constituents depending on local needs; often they consisted of natural boundaries (e.g. rivers) with roads behind for easier movement of troops between linked forts or else roads with linked forts. Notable examples of Roman frontiers include: Hadrian's Wall in northern England Antonine Wall – in Scotland. Limes Tripolitanus, the frontier in modern Libya facing the Sahara etc.

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an Anglican church in the City of Westminster, London, England. Since 1066, it has been the location of the coronations of 40 English and British monarchs and a burial site for 18 English, Scottish, and British monarchs. At least 16 royal weddings have taken place at the abbey since 1100. Construction of the present church began in 1245 on the orders of Henry III. The abbey, the Palace of Westminster and St Margaret's Church became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987 because of their historic and symbolic significance. The church's Gothic architecture is chiefly inspired by 13th-century French and English styles, although some sections of the church have earlier Romanesque styles or later Baroque and modern styles. The Henry VII Chapel, at the east end of the church, is a typical example of Perpendicular Gothic architecture; antiquarian John Leland called it orbis miraculum ("the wonder of the world"). The abbey is the burial site of more than 3,300 people, many prominent in British history: monarchs, prime ministers, poets laureate, actors, musicians, scientists, military leaders. Due to the fame of the figures buried there, artist William Morris described the abbey as a "National Valhalla".

St. Margaret’s Church

The Church of St Margaret, Westminster Abbey is an Anglican parish church in the grounds of Westminster Abbey on Parliament Square, London, England. It is dedicated to Margaret of Antioch, and forms part of a single World Heritage Site with the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey. The church was founded in the twelfth century by Benedictine monks. St Margaret's was rebuilt from 1486 to 1523. Between 1734 and 1738, the north-west tower was rebuilt to designs by John James. Notable weddings include:12 November 1656: John Milton and Katherine Woodcock12 June 1895: William Hicks and Grace Lynn Joynson 12 September 1908: Winston Churchill and Clementine Hozier. Burials: Thomas Churchyard, 1604, Elizabethan poet, soldier Sir Walter Raleigh, 1618 William Murray, 2nd Earl of Tullibardine, 30 July 1627 Edward Grimeston, 14 December 1640

Royal Botanical Gardens

An internationally important botanical research and education institution, it employs 1,100 staff. The organisation manages botanic gardens at Kew in Richmond upon Thames in south-west London. In 2019, the organisation had 2,316,699 public visitors at Kew. Its 326-acre (132 ha) site at Kew has 40 historically important buildings; it became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew states that its mission is to apply scientific discovery and research to fully develop the information about and potential uses of plants. More than 470 scientists work for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The Director of Science is Alexandre Antonelli. The Deputy Directors are Elizabeth Gardner, Paul Kersey and Monique Simmonds. Kew Science staff include those of the Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre. World Flora Online was developed as a successor to The Plant List, in 2012, aiming to include all known plants by 2020.

Maritime Greenwich

The Old Royal Naval College are buildings that serve as the architectural centrepiece of Maritime Greenwich, a World Heritage Site in Greenwich, London on the River Thames. Described by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as being of "outstanding universal value" and the site is the "finest and most dramatically sited architectural and landscape in the British Isles“. Formerly the site of a royal palace, the old college was originally constructed to serve as the Royal Navy's Greenwich Hospital, designed by Christopher Wren, and built between 1696 and 1712. The hospital closed in 1869 and so between 1873 and 1998 the buildings were used as a training establishment for the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. The site is now managed by the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College, established in 1997 to conserve the buildings and grounds and convert them into a cultural destination. In 1692 the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich was created on the site on the instructions of Mary II, who had been inspired by the sight of wounded sailors returning from the Battle of La Hogue. In 1873, four years after the hospital closed, the buildings were converted to a training establishment for the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy finally left the college in 1998 when the site passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation for the Old Royal Naval College.

Cornwall

It is a ceremonial county in South West England. It is one of the Celtic nations and the homeland of the Cornish people. The county is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, Devon to the east, and the English Channel to the south. The largest urban area is the Redruth. The county is with an area of 1,375 square miles (3,562 km2) and an estimated population of 585,655 in 2024. It includes the southernmost point on Great Britain, Lizard Point, and forms a large part of the Cornwall National Landscape. The county contains many short rivers; the longest is the Tamar, which forms the border with Devon. From the 7th century, the Britons in the South West increasingly came into conflict with the expanding Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, eventually being pushed west of the Tamar, where the boundary was set by King Æthelstan in 936. Railways were built, leading to a growth of tourism in the 20th century. Humans reoccupied Britain after the last Ice Age. The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then by Bronze Age people. The first written account of Cornwall comes from the 1st-century BC Sicilian Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, supposedly quoting or paraphrasing the 4th-century BCE geographer Pytheas, who had sailed to Britain.