Презентація з теми "Прикметники".

Adjectives

Semantic characteristicsqualitative adjectives (colour, shape) black, roundrelative adjectives qualify an object indirectly, through its relation to another object woolen, golden

Morphological characteristics. Qualitative adjectives have degrees of comparison. Positive strong dangerous. Comparative stronger more dangerous. Superlative the strongest the most dangerous

Syntactic characteristicsattribute (a poor man)A poor man was waiting for us outside the building. A new dress was made by our mom.predicative (The man was poor)The man was poor and unhappy. That dress was new and smart.

Formationsuffixes{5 C22544 A-7 EE6-4342-B048-85 BDC9 FD1 C3 A}-able fashionable-al magical-ant important-ar spectacular-ary disciplinary-ate delicate-ial national-ent patient-esque picturesque-ful faithful-ian Iranian-ible terrible-ic melodic-ical physical-ious rebellious-ish stylish-ist racist-ive selective-less faultless-like woman-like-ly deathly-ory sensory-ous humorous-some bothersome-y sandy

prefixes{5 C22544 A-7 EE6-4342-B048-85 BDC9 FD1 C3 A}a asexualab abnormalanti antisocialdis disinterestedhyper hyperactiveil illegibleim immoralin inactiveir irresponsiblemal maladjustednon non-existentover overweightpre prearrangedpro pro-warsub sub-zerosuper superhumanun unavailableunder understaffed

Compound adjectives. Compound adjectives are formed with: - present participles: a long-playing record- past participles: undercooked meat, cut-off jeans- cardinal numbers + nouns (in singular): a ten-minute journey, a three-year-old kid- well, badly, ill, poorly + past participle: a poorly-kept garden, a well-timed joke.

Order of adjectives. Opinion adjectives + Fact adjectives. Fact adjectives:sizeageshapecolouroriginmaterialuse for/be about. Noun. It’s a beautiful big old round brown Italian oak dining table. Those were nice small new round white Chinese plastic tennis balls.

Substantivized adjectives. There are some adjectives that we can use with the to talk about groups of people in society. Words that we can use in a phrase with theto do with social or economic position (the rich)to do with physical condition or health (the mute)to do with age (the young)The young means 'young people in general'When we mean a specific person or a specific group of people, then we use man, woman, people, etc.

Substantivized adjectivesthe disabled, the blind the disadvantaged, the homeless, the hungry, the poor, the privileged, the rich, the starvingthe blind, the deaf, the dead, the disabled= the handicappedthe elderly, the middle-aged, the old, the over-sixties, the under-fives The young have their lives in front of them. None of the young people in the village can find jobs here.

Nouns of material, purpose or substance can be used as adjectives.{5 C22544 A-7 EE6-4342-B048-85 BDC9 FD1 C3 A}Direct meaning. Figurative meaning. A silk scarf, a stone cottage, a gold pen, a feather duster, a metal chair, a leather wallet, lead pipes, a steel framework.silky hair, a stony expression, golden hair, feathery leaves, a metallic colour, a leathery skin, a leaden feeling, a steely look.

Irregular comparisonsbad worse worstfar farther farthest further furthestgood better bestlittle less leastmany/much more mostold elder eldest older oldest

Some useful tips on how to use different degrees of comparison.1) Positive form ‘+’ as … as; Negative form ‘-‘ not as/not so … as. He was as white as a sheet. Your coffee is not as/so good as the coffee my mother makes. The new building is twice as high as the old one. 2) Comparative form => than. He’s stronger than I expected = I didn’t expect him to be so strong. Superlative form => the … in/of: This is the oldest theatre in London. 3) Superlative form + present perfect: This is the worst film I have ever seen. Note! most+adjective without the means very: You’re most kind = You’re very kind.4) the + comparative… the + comparative: The smaller the house is, the less it will cost us to heat it.5) Comparatives joined by and: The weather is getting colder and colder.

Some useful tips on how to use different degrees of comparison.6) like + noun & as + noun: He worked like a slave. (very hard indeed)He worked as a slave. (He was a slave)7) than/as + pronoun+auxiliary. I earn less than he does. – I earn less than him. They can swim faster than I can. – They can swim faster than me. He is fatter than she is. – He is fatter than her. I am more interested in history than you are./ than you(=less than he earns)8) than/as+I/we/you+verb = omit the verb. I’m not as old as you (are). 9) than/as is followed by he/she/it + verb, we normally keep the verb: You’re stronger than he is.10) But we can drop the verb and use him/her/them: I swim better than him.11) Adjectives + one/ones. One/ones = previously mentioned noun: I lost my old camera; this is a new one.12) first/second can be used with or without one/ones: Which train did you catch? ~ I caught the first (one).13) Adjectives of colour can sometimes be used as pronouns: I like the blue (one) best.

Some useful tips on how to use different degrees of comparison.as …as…’ with ‘twice’, ‘three times’, etc., ‘half’, ‘a third’, etc.: Japan’s car exports are twice as high as Britain’s. Rice-growing is only half as important as it used to be. Note Present and Past Participles can be used as adjectives: Present Participles describe the quality of a noun /annoying behaviour/ (what kind of behaviour)The film was frightening. The book was boring. The football match was interesting. Past Participles describe how the subject feels /annoyed teacher/ (How does the teacher feel)I was frightened. The boy was bored. She is interested in football. 

Proverbs & Sayings{5 C22544 A-7 EE6-4342-B048-85 BDC9 FD1 C3 A}As dumb as a wooden Indian. As easy as ABCAs silent as a grave. As fit as a fiddle. As white as a sheet. As stubborn as a mule. As old as the hills. Like bull in a China shop. To sleep like a log. To smoke like a chimney. To sell like hot cakes. Дурний, як пробка. Простіше простого. Німий, як могила. При повному здоров'їБілий, як крейда. Упертий, як осел. Старе, як світ. Як слон у посудній лавціСпати, як убитий. Диміти, як труба. Бути нарозхват

Complete the sentences. Use the comparative degree. Her car isn’t very big. She wants a ______ car. This house is not very modern. I prefer _________ houses. You aren’t very tall. Your brother is _______. Bill doesn’t work very hard. I work _______. My chair is not very comfortable. Yours is ______. Jill’s idea wasn’t very good. Tom’s one was ______. These flowers aren’t very nice. The blue ones are ______. My suitcase isn’t very heavy. Their one is ______. I am not very interested in art. I am ______ in history. It isn’t warm today. It was ______ yesterday. These tomatoes don’t taste good. The ripe ones taste _____. Britain is not very big. France is _______. This knife isn’t very sharp. Have you got a ______ one?London is very beautiful, but Paris is _______. People today are not very polite. In the past they were ________.

Complete the comparative adjective + than. The market is ________ the supermarket for vegetables. (cheap)Italian is _______ for Spanish people______ it is for English people. (easy)I always feel ______ in the afternoon _____ in the morning. (tired)The restaurant is __________ when it first opened. (busy)Come in summer. The weather is ______ in spring. (good)I love science. I find it ________ history. (interesting)Milan is ______ form the sea _____ Rome. (far)I am ________ my brother. He is very tall. (short)The economic situation is _________ it was last year. (bad)Skiing is _________ I thought it was. (difficult)

Complete the sentences with the superlative form of adjectives. Out house is _____ house in the street. (big)The tigers are ____ animals in the zoo. (dangerous)For me Saturday is ______ day of the week. (good)My bedroom is _____ in our house. (small)Sit here, it’s _____ chair in the room (comfortable)My neighbours upstairs are ______ people in the world. (noisy)My boss is ______ person I know. (stressed)Sophie is _______ student in our English class. (young)_____ building in my town is the castle. (astonishing)

Complete with the comparative or the superlative forms of adjectives. What is the (fast) way to get across London?I think skiing is (easy) horse-riding. This is (hot) train I have ever been to. A motorbike is (powerful) a scooter.(bad) time to travel round the city is on holidays and at the weekend.____(far) I’ve ever driven was from London to Edinburgh. The London underground is (old) subway in New York. I think that travelling by train is (relaxing ) form of transport. Of all my family, mom is (good) driver.

Complete with one word. Going by motorboat is ___ exciting than travelling by ferry. A coach isn’t ____comfortable as a train. It’s _____ expensive car we have ever bought. This is the longest journey I’ve _____ been to. He gets home late but his wife gets home later than ____. The ____ interesting place I have ever visited is Venice. I leave home at the same time ____ my brother. He drives ____ carefully than his girlfriend. He never gets to any accidents. His girlfriend drives ____ carefully than him. She always gets into road accidents. What is the longest motorway ____ the USA?