Розробка уроку для 9 класу "Human body"

Target students: Form 9 students, ages 14–15

Topic: Human Body and  its limits. Healthy Life Style

Teacher: Y.U. Kaminskay-Kletskova

Durations : 45 Minutes

Objectives: Students will be able to:

 -   practice ,remember  and drill body parts and  systems in a human body;

 -   practice speaking and spelling body part and  systems  names;

 -   describe actions using body parts;

 -   match the words  and the phrases with their definitions;

 -   develop students’s speaking skills;

 -    decide if the sentences areT ( true)or F(false) after listening;

 -   answer the questions after reading the text.

Materials: a Human Body worksheet for each learner, a multimedia whiteboard, a projector; a laptop computer, a  text to read, a dialogue to listen, cards, a presentation.

                                                                                  A sound mind in a sound body

Procedure:

1.Greeting

T:Good morning, students. I’m glad to see you. How are you today? How is life? Nice to see you in good health today.

T:Today our lesson is unusual a little: we have guests today and you’ll show them your knowledge of English.

2.Warming-up

T:Let’s say something good to each other. Take this apple and wish something good to your friend. I’ll start “Alex, I wish you to get a good mark today”.

P1: I wish you to be in a good health

P2: I wish you to have many friends

P3: I wish you to be happy

P4: I wish you to be optimistic

P5: I wish you to learn something new today

P5: I wish you to be good at reading today

P6: I wish you to be good at speaking today

P7: I wish you to be in a good mood today

P8: I wish you to get a present today

P9: I wish you to read an interesting book today

P10: I wish you to watch your favourite film today

P11: I wish you to play with your friends today

P12: I wish you to go to the party today

3. Proclamation of the aim of the lesson

T: This apple will be the symbol of our lesson. Let’s continue our lesson. Look at the blackboard. The motto of out lesson is written on it. Let’s read it and try to guess what are we going to speak about today.

Ps: We are going to spear about human body and health.

T: Yes, you are right. The topic of our lesson is “ Human Body and  its limits. Healthy Life Style”. So, today we’ll speak about our body and our health and about what we should do to be healthy.

T:Read the sayings and proverbs about health and think over them. Do you agree with these statements? What are the Ukrainian equivalents of them?

1.“Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”.

2.“Good health is above wealth”.

3.“An apple a day keeps the doctor away”

4.“The healthier we are, the better we feel

     The better we feel, the longer we live

     So why not take care of ourselves”

4. Main part

4.1.  T:Human body has different parts. So, I propose you to identify them .

Hand out the Human Body worksheet to each learner and have the learners label the body diagram, reinforcing and practicing the vocabulary they have just learned. Check the answers together as a class.

Answer Key: 1) hair 2) eyebrow 3) ear 4) eye 5) head 6) nose 7) neck 8) mouth 9) throat 10) shoulder 11) heart 12) lung 13) arm 14) liver 15) elbow 16) stomach 17) kidney 18) bladder 19) hand 20) fingers 21) thigh 22) knee 23) leg 24) ankle 25) foot 26) toe

4.2.  T: Rearrange the letters to make words and put them under the correct headings.

Badgane     sairpn    claf     snpie    brun    caerm    neelobsed    kedniy    bsruie acibintotis     mniedice        tbuhm    

Answer Key: Parts of  the body: calf, kidney, spine, thumb

                     Treatments: antibiotics, bandage, cream, medicine

                      Injuries:  bruise, burn, nosebleed, sprain

4.3.  T: Choose the correct words to complete the dialogues.

Jade       Hi, Paddy. Why weren’t you at school today?

Paddy     I was in hospital!

Jade       Oh no! What happened?

Paddy     I fell off my bike at the weekend and  1.burned/twisted my 2.ankle/scalp.

               So I went to the doctor this morning. He gave me some 3.painkillers/

               antibiotics and  told  me to go home and rest.

 Jade      Ok. So why were you  in hospital?

Paddy    Because I tripped on the steps when I was leaving the doctor’s surgery and

               4. broke/had my 5.wrist/waist!

Ned        Have are you seen Martin? He’s got a black 6.eye/nose.

Isobel     Really? How did he do that?

Ned        He was doing karate with Dave yesterday evening and Dave hit him in the

               face.

Isobel    Oh no!  So Martin got really angry and  kicked  Dave. Dave fell onto the

              floor, 7.banged/sprained his head and then had a really bad

               8.nosebleed/bruise.   There  was blood all over the floor.

Isobel    What a disaster!

Answer Key:

•  How many systems are in the human body? (5)
• Is there any connection among the systems in the body?
• What does each system do?

T:  Your task is to match the names of the systems with their definitions and contexts.

1. Circulatory system                           
2. Muscular  system   
3. Nervous system      
4. Respiratory system     
5. Skeletal system     

A.  The 600 muscles in the body, both voluntary and involuntary.

      The heart muscle is unique in the human muscular system because it is     made of smooth and skeletal muscle and is involuntary. 

B. The bones (206 in an adult) that give the body support and   protect vital organs.

     Without a skeletal system, the human body would be limp and floppy.

C. The system of blood, blood vessels, lymph vessels, heart concemed with the circulation of the blood and  lymph.

     The heart is central to the human circulatory system .It pushes  blood through the body`s network of arteries and veins. 

D. The system  that allows breathing. Includes the nose, pharynx, trachea, and lungs.

    The function of the respiratory system is breathing in oxygen from the air and expelling carbon dioxide

E. The brain, spinal cord, and network of nerves that receive messages from inside and outside the body and transmits instructions about how to respond.

The nervous system is the control center of the body. It interprets the senses and enables you to respond.

  Answer Key:

1-C         4-D

2-A         5-B

3-E

5.           Speaking. The situations are below.

Share this hint:

Consider how the circulatory, muscular, nervous, respiratory and skeletal systems work together.

• What happens in the body when a teammate kicks the ball to you during a soccer game and you kick it across the field and make a goal? Think about how many body systems are involved.
• What happens in the body when you come home from school, smell cookies baking, run to the kitchen to see if they're done, and take one? You eat the whole cookie and drink a glass of milk. How many body systems are involved? What role does each play?
• What happens in the body when you're studying for a math test? You're reading the problems, writing the answers, getting up to stretch, and talking to a friend on the phone. How are the body systems working together to complete these tasks?
• What happens in the body when you're sleeping? Which systems are working?

4.6. Listening

4.6.1. T:  Listen to an interview with a scientist. Which of the people he talks about tested the body’s limits deliberately?  (Randy Gardner)

4.6.2. Host    Professor Martin, you’re interested in the limits of the human body. Is that                       right? 

Professor  Yes, that’s right. So, for example, we’ve been asking: Is it possible to       survive in a vacuum?

H      And what’s the answer?

P    Well, sadly we know how long humans can survive in a vacuum in outer space. Three Russian cosmonauts died in 1971 when their  space capsule had a major problem at an altitude of 168 kilometres. The pressure inside the capsule dropped to zero and the crew died after 30 to 40 s econds.

H      What a tragedy.

P     Yes, indeed. But it is possible to survive shorter periods of time in a vacuum. In 1966 a scientist was testing a spacesuit in a special room when the pressure suddenly dropped to almost zero for a period of 27 seconds. He passed out after 15 seconds and he woke up when the pressure inside the   room returned to normal. He was fine.

H      Good! So what else have you been   studying?

P      We’ve also been asking: how long can the human body  s urvive without sleep?

H      And what is the answer?

P      Well, we can’t force people to stay awake until they die, so it’s impossible to know the exact limits. But we know about some extreme cases. For example, on 28 December 1963,  Randy Gardner, a 17- year- old student, got up at 6 o’clock in the morning and didn’t go back to sleep again until the morning of 8 January 1964. That’s 264 hours.

H      Amazing! How many days is that?

P      About 11 days.

H     He probably slept for a  week after  that!

P     Actually, no. His first sleep after those 11 days lasted almost 15 hours.

4.6.3.Read the sentences aloud, paying attention to the numbers. Then listen again and decide whether the sentences are true or false. Write T or F and correct the false sentences.

 1. When a Russian space capsule had a major problem in 1971, the cosmonauts died in      less than 30 seconds. _

 2. In 1966, a scientist passed out after 15 seconds in a vacuum. _

 3. The scientist passed out for 27 seconds. _

 4. In the 1960s, Randy Gardner stayed awake for more than 250 hours. _

 5. After staying awake for so long, Randy Gardner then slept for almost 50 hours. _

Answer Key:1. F The died  after 30-40 seconds.     2. T

                    3. F The pressure dropped to almost zero for 27 seconds.  4. T

                    5. F He slept for almost 15 hours.

4.7. Reading the text “Good Health!”

1. Pre-reading activities:

T:Before you read the text, see the words and word-combinations from the text with their explanation:

• Overeating – eating food more than you need or want
• Snack – to have a bite; to have a “quick” meal
• Low-fatfood – food which contains a small number of fat
• Harmful – bad for health, injurious
• Drugs – a substance which makes people excited but constant taking drugs is dangerous for health and life
• Cheerful – merry, jolly
• Indoors – activities inside of the room, house
• Outdoors – activities outside of the room, house

2. While-reading activities:

T:Do you agree with the opinion of the author how we should take care of ourselves to be healthy? What ways of keeping fit do you know else?

Everybody wants to live a long healthy life. Nowadays a healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of modern life.

There are many ways to keep fit.

For example, healthy food is a very important factor. Overeating causes many dangerous diseases. We shouldn’t snack and we should have breakfast. We should eat low-fat food, more fruit and vegetables, meat, milk products, which are rich in vitamins and proteins. We shouldn’t eat at night. If you keep to a diet, you must do it carefully, because sometimes diets may be harmful.

Besides, to be healthy, a person must stop smoking and drinking much. Besides, nowadays there is a problem of taking drugs, especially among young people. It causes many diseases and leads to death.

Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.

And the best way to be healthy is to go in for sports. Sport is very important in our life. It is popular among young and old people. Many people do morning exercises and train themselves in different sections and take part in sport competitions. Sport helps to make people strong, brave and cheerful. We can go in for sports in winter and in summer, indoors and outdoors. To keep fit, it is very useful to walk a lot, to play active games, to spend a lot of time in the fresh air.

Physical training is an important subject at school. Pupils have got physical training lessons twice a week. Boys and girls usually play volleyball and basketball at their lessons. There are some popular kinds of sport in our country: football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, gymnastics, skiing, skating, figure skating.

3. Post-reading activities:

T:See the tasks after the text:

Match the left column with the right one to make sentences:

4.8. T: So, I think , now you can give some advices to people and to yourselves, of course, how to be healthy.

       T:Let’s make a list of advices to those, who want to become stronger and more   healthy. The pictures will help you to do that:

                                      Healthy way  of life

• Drink a plenty of water;
• Eat healthy food;
• Don’t eat fast food;
• Don’t smoke;
• Don’t drink alcohol;
• Don’t drink much caffeine;
• Go in for sports;
• Sleep enough (7-8 hours);
• Do exercises regularly;
• Take positive emotions

 5.  Summarizing. Home task:

T:I’m satisfied with your work today. And I think you’ll keep fit and take care of your body and health.

Your home task is to make and write an interesting story about how each person got his/ her injuries.