Charles Robert Darwin, (born February 12, 1809, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England—died April 19, 1882, Downe, Kent), English naturalist whose scientific theoryof evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies. An affable country gentleman, Darwin at first shocked religious Victorian society by suggesting that animals and humans shared a common ancestry.
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Michael Faraday, (born September 22, 1791, Newington, England—died August 25, 1867, Hampton Court, Surrey),English physicist and chemist whose many experiments contributed greatly to the understanding of electromagnetism.