Блок-схеми з граматики англійської мови

Про матеріал

Даний матеріал розроблено на основні компетентнісного підходу до вивчення іноземної (англійської) мови. Комунікативну компетентність неможливо розвивати без чіткого алгоритму щодо викладання граматичного матеріалу виучованої мови. Дані блок-схеми допоможуть вчителю у поясненні граматичних явищ, особливо під час дистанційного навчання

Зміст архіву

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	Present	Past	Future
*Simple*	*is/am/are + V_ed***(V₃)	*was/were + V_ed*** (V₃)	*will + be + V_ed***(V₃)
	Letters are sent every day.	Letters were sent yesterday.	Letters will be sent tomorrow.
*Continuous*	*is/am/are + being + V_ed***(V₃)	*was/were + being + V_ed*** (V₃)	—————
	Letters are being sent now.	Letters were being sent at 5 yesterday.	—————
*Perfect*	*has/have + been +* V_ed(V₃)	*had + been +* V_ed(V₃)	*will + have/has+ been +V_ed***(V₃)
	Letters have been already sent.	Letters had been sent before he phoned.	Letters will have been sent by 5 tomorrow.

	Present	Past	Future
*Simple*	*is/am/are + V_ed***(V₃)	*was/were + V_ed*** (V₃)	*will + be + V_ed***(V₃)
	Letters are sent every day.	Letters were sent yesterday.	Letters will be sent tomorrow.
*Continuous*	*is/am/are + being + V_ed***(V₃)	*was/were + being + V_ed*** (V₃)	—————
	Letters are being sent now.	Letters were being sent at 5 yesterday.	—————
*Perfect*	*has/have + been +* V_ed(V₃)	*had + been +* V_ed(V₃)	*will + have/has+ been +V_ed***(V₃)
	Letters have been already sent.	Letters had been sent before he phoned.	Letters will have been sent by 5 tomorrow.

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THE TENSES (времена)	Simple (Простое время)	Сontinuous (Длительное действие, процесс)	Perfect (Совершенное. Результат)	Perfect Сontinuous (Результат+процесс)
PRESENT (настоящее)
PAST (прошедшее)
FUTURE (будущее)

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THE

TENSES

(времена)

Simple

(Простое время)

Сontinuous

(Длительное действие, процесс)

Perfect

(Совершенное. Результат)

Perfect Сontinuous

(Результат+процесс)

PRESENT

(настоящее)

John lives in London.
The sun sets in the west.
He usually gets up at 10 oclock.
His plane leaves at 10 oclock next Friday.
I love vanilla ice-cream.

I am painting the house this week.
Sue is reading now.
I am going to my doctor this afternoon.

I have known the Browns for six years.
She has put on five kilos.
I have painted the house.

1. I have been writing letters for four hours.

2. The children have been playing all afternoon that is why they are tired.

PAST

(прошедшее)

I met my friends for lunch last Monday.
He got up, had breakfast and then left for his office.

I was cooking dinner when the phone rang.
I was riding my bicycle while my sister was playing in the sandbox.
The birds were singing and the sun was shining as we were driving towards our countryside.

After they had finished their homework, Tom took the children to the playground.

He had been watching TV for hours before his friends arrived.
Their shoes were full of mud because they had been playing football.

FUTURE

(будущее)

Rod will be fifty years old in June.
Im starving. I think Ill make a sandwich.

We will be sailing off the south coast next week.
Ill be working at the office on Saturday as usual.

She will have completed her studies by july.

By the end of May, Jill will have been living here for fifteen years.

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CONDITIONALS

(условные придаточные)

Тип	Формула	Правило	Пример
Type 0	If/when+present simple + present simple	Общеизвестные или научные факты
Type 1	If+ present simple+future simple, can/ must/ may+infinitive	Реальная или вполне вероятная ситуация в настоящем или будущем
Type 2	If+past simple/ past continuous+would/could/might+present bare infinitive	Нереальная или воображаемая ситуация в настоящем
Type 3	If+past perfect/ past perfect continuous+ would/could/might+ perfect bare infinitive	Воображаемая ситуация в прошлом

CONDITIONALS

(условные придаточные)

Тип	Формула	Правило	Пример
Type 0	If/when+present simple + present simple	Общеизвестные или научные факты
Type 1	If+ present simple+future simple, can/ must/ may+infinitive	Реальная или вполне вероятная ситуация в настоящем или будущем
Type 2	If+past simple/ past continuous+would/could/might+present bare infinitive	Нереальная или воображаемая ситуация в настоящем
Type 3	If+past perfect/ past perfect continuous+ would/could/might+ perfect bare infinitive	Воображаемая ситуация в прошлом

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COMPARATIVES/SUPERLATIVES

COMPARATIVES (сравнительная степень) – сравниваем один предмет с другим:

SUPERLATIVES (превосходная) – сравниваем один предмет с более, чем одним предметом одной группы:

Образуются:

COMPARATIVES	SUPERLATIVES
-er Large-	-est
Thin-
Lively-
-more Comfortable-	-most
Irregular forms:

COMPARATIVES/SUPERLATIVES

COMPARATIVES (сравнительная степень) – сравниваем один предмет с другим:

SUPERLATIVES (превосходная) – сравниваем один предмет с более, чем одним предметом одной группы:

Образуются:

COMPARATIVES	SUPERLATIVES
-er Large-	-est
Thin-
Lively-
-more Comfortable-	-most
Irregular forms:

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Sequence of Tenses

(согласование времен)

Таблица согласования времен в английском языке

Время в прямой речи

Present

Simple

Present Continuous

Рresent Perfect

Раst

Simple

Раst Continuous

Future

Simple

Время в косвенной речи

Past

Simple

Past Соntinuous

Раst Pеrfect

Рast Perfect/

Раst Simple

Раst Continuous/ Раst Pеrfect Соntinuous

Conditional (would)

При временном сдвиге от Настоящего к Прошлому изменяется не только грамматическое время, но и наречия времени

Настоящее время (прямая речь)	Прошедшее время (косвенная речь)
Yesterday	The day before/the previous day
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The following (next) day/a day later
The day before yesterday (позавчера)	Two days before
The day after tomorrow (послезавтра)	Two days later
Last week	The week before
Now	Then
Next week	The week after/the following week/a week later
Ago	Before
This/these	That\those
Here	There

Примечание

Если в придаточном предложении речь идет о каком-то факте, законе, который действителен и в настоящий момент, то глагол смены времен не происходит.

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
He said, "I know it."
"I am working," she said
He said, "I have translated the text."
He said, "I get up at eight o'clock."
He said, "I have been waiting for you since five o'clock."
He said, "I will go there.
"I’ll go there tomorrow," he said.
He said, "They were here yesterday."
He said, "I shall write the letter tomorrow."
He said, "I can't translate this article."