Матеріали до уроків. Top 10 Significant Presidential Elections in American History

Here is the text dwell upon the 10 significant presidential elections in the USA. Read the text and do the tasks that follow it.

Top 10 Significant Presidential Elections in American History

In order to be included in this list of the top ten presidential elections, a significant event had to impact the election's outcome or the election needed to result in a significant shift in party or policy.

1. Election of 1800

This presidential election is the most significant in US history because of its far reaching impact on electoral policies. The Electoral College system from the Constitution broke down allowing Burr, the VP candidate to be in contention for the presidency against Thomas Jefferson. It was decided in the House after twenty-six ballots. Significance: The 12th Amendment was added changing the electoral process. Further, a peaceful exchange of political power occurred (Federalists out, Democratic-Republicans in.)

2. Election of 1860

The presidential election of 1860 demonstrated the necessity of taking a side on slavery. The newly formed Republican party adopted an anti-slavery platform that led to a narrow victory for Abraham Lincoln, arguably the greatest president in US history and also set the die for secession. Individuals who once associated with the Democratic or Whig parties yet who were anti-slavery realigned to join the Republicans. Those who were pro-slavery from the other noncommittal parties joined the Democrats. Significance: The election of Lincoln was the straw that broke the camel's back and led to the secession of eleven states.

3. Election of 1932

Another shift in political parties occurred with the presidential election of 1932. Franklin Roosevelt's Democratic Party came to power by forming the New Deal coalition that united groups that previously had not been associated with the same party. These included urban workers, northern African-Americans, Southern whites, and Jewish voters. Significance: A new coalition and realignment of political parties occurred that would help shape future policies and elections.

4. Election of 1896

The presidential election of 1896 demonstrated a sharp division in society between urban and rural interests. William Jennings Bryan (Democrat) was able to form a coalition that answered the call of progressive groups and rural interests including the indebted farmers and those arguing against the gold standard. William McKinley's victory was significant because it highlights the shift from America as an agrarian nation to one of urban interests. Significance: The election highlights the changes that were occurring in American society at the turn of the 19th century.

5. Election of 1828

The presidential election of 1828 is often pointed to as the 'rise of the common man'. It has been called the 'Revolution of 1828'. After the Corrupt Bargain of 1824 when Andrew Jackson was defeated, an upwelling of support arose against back room deals and candidates chosen by caucus. Significance: Andrew Jackson was the first president not born of privilege. The election was the first time that individuals began to fight against corruption in politics.

6. Election of 1876

This election ranks higher than other disputed elections because it is set against the backdrop of Reconstruction. Samuel Tilden led in popular and electoral votes but was one shy of the necessary votes to win. The existence of disputed electoral votes led to the Compromise of 1877.  A commission was formed and voted along party lines, awarding Rutherford B. Hayes(Republican) the presidency. It is believed that Hayes agreed to end Reconstruction and recall all troops from the South in exchange for the presidency. Significance: The election of Hayes meant the end of Reconstruction.

7. Election of 1824

The Election of 1824 is known as the 'Corrupt Bargain'. The lack of an electoral majority resulted in the election being decided in the House. It is believed that a deal was made giving the office to John Quincy Adams in exchange for Henry Clay becoming Secretary of State. Significance: Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but lost because of this bargain. Significance: The election's backlash catapulted Jackson to the presidency in 1828. Further, the Democratic-Republican Party split in two.

8. Election of 1912

The reason why the presidential election of 1912 is included here is to show the impact that a third party can have on the outcome of an election. When Theodore Roosevelt broke from the Republicans to form the Bull Moose Party, he hoped to win back the presidency. His presence on the ballot split the Republican vote resulting in a win for the Democrat, Woodrow Wilson. This would be significant because Wilson led the nation during World War I and staunchly fought for the 'League of Nations'. Significance: Third parties cannot necessarily win American elections but they can spoil them.

9. Election of 2000

The Election of 2000 came down to the Electoral College and specifically the vote in Florida. Because of the controversy over the recount in Florida, the Gore campaign sued to have a manual recount. This was significant because it was the first time the Supreme Court got involved in an electoral decision. It decided that the votes should stand as counted and the electoral votes for the state were awarded to George W. Bush. He won the presidency without winning the popular vote. Significance: The after-effects of the 2000 election can still be felt in everything from constantly evolving voting machines to greater scrutiny of elections themselves.

10. Election of 1796

After George Washington's retirement, there was no unanimous choice for president. The presidential election of 1796 demonstrated that the fledgling democracy could work. One man stepped aside, and a peaceful election occurred resulting in John Adams as president. One side effect of this election which would become more significant in 1800 was that due to the electoral process, arch-rival Thomas Jefferson became Adams' Vice President. Significance: The election proved that American electoral system worked.

an excerpt from  http://americanhistory.about.com/od/elections/tp/topelections.htm

DEVELOPING YOUR VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1.  Use words and word-combinations from the text to translate the following sentences into English.

1) Причиною того, що новий президент обирався у палаті представників, стала нестача виборчої більшості.

2) У своїй передвиборчій кампанії багато політиків спекулюють інтересами сільського населення.

3) Після нечесної оборудки у парламенті, багато виборців розчарувалися у своїх представниках.

4) Після розколу системи виборчої колегії, кандидат на посаду віце-прем’єра зміг вступити в боротьбу за посаду президента.

5) Демократична партія перебудувавши свою програму виступила проти закону про вогнепальну зброю.

6) Франклін Рузвельт сформував нову коаліцію, до якої входили як представники міста так і села.

2. Choose one of the four possibilities, that best complete the sentence.

1) The existence of ………electoral votes led to the Compromise of 1877.

a) debatable;           b)  questionable;            c) contentious;               d) disputed

2) The election was the first time that ……… began to fight against corruption in politics.

a) individuals;           b)  persons;            c) characters;               d) bodies

3) This was ……… because it was the first time the Supreme Court got involved in an electoral decision.

a) considerable;           b)  important;            c) significant;               d) essential

4) The newly formed Republican party adopted an anti-slavery platform that led to a narrow victory for Abraham Lincoln, arguably the greatest president in US history and also set the die for ………..

a) separation;           b) isolation;            c) secession;               d) exclusion

5) This would be significant because Wilson led the nation during World War I and ………. fought for the 'League of Nations'.

a) devoted;           b) staunchly;            c) faithfully;               d) truly

6) Another ………. in political parties occurred with the presidential election of 1932.

a) shift;           b) change;            c) alteration;               d) transformation

7) It is believed that a deal was made giving the office to John Quincy Adams in ………… for Henry Clay becoming Secretary of State.

a) barter;           b) change;            c) interchange;               d) exchange

8) Andrew Jackson was the first president not born of ………..

a) privilege;           b) best right;            c) immunity;               d) benefit

DISCUSSING THE PLOT

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Why is the Election of 1860 significant?
2. Who were the members of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition?
3. In what way was William McKinley's victory significant?
4. Who was the first president not born of privilege?
5. Explain why the Election of 1824 is known as the ‘Corrupt Bargain’?
6. What impact can have a third party on the outcome of an election?
7. When the Supreme Court got involved in an electoral decision?
8. What election proved that American electoral system worked?

2. Give a short summary of the text.