«Molecule. Chemical reaction»

Міністерство охорони здоров’я

комунальний заклад

«Бериславський медичний коледж»

Херсонської обласної ради

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

МЕТОДИЧНА РОЗРОБКА

 

  з дисципліни: «Іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням»

на тему: «Molecule. Chemical reaction»

 

 

 

 

 

 

      

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

І. Підготовчий етап.

 

Teacher: Good afternoon, students! I’m glad to see you. Sit down, please.

Students: Good afternoon. ! I’m glad to see you, too.

Teacher: Who is on duty today?

Student: I am on duty today.

Teacher: What day and date is it today?

Student: Today is Friday, the 4^th of March.

Teacher: Who is absent?

Student: All are present.

 

ІІ. Підготовка до сприйняття іншомовного мовлення

 

1. Фонетична розминка.

Teacher: Read the sounds and words.

 

[ˈm][ɒ][l][ɪ][k][juː][l] – molecule

 

[ˈk][e][m][ɪ][k][l] [r][i][ˈæ][k][ʃ][n] – chemical reaction

 

2. Повідомлення теми та мети заняття.

• What word we got?
• Right. So, the topic of our lesson: “Molecule. Chemical reaction”.

 

You should be able:

 

• To recognize and understand new words and word combinations;
• To read and understand the gist and details of the topic;
• To make the chemical experiments.

 

ІІІ. Основна частина заняття.

 

Task 1.  Read and translate the words:

 

Molecule [‘molikju:l] – молекула

Atom [‘etem] – атом

Chemical [‘kemikl] – хімічний

Neutral [‘njutrel] – нейтральний

Diatomic [‘daietomik] – двох атомний

Triatomic [‘traietomik] – трьох атомний

Tetra atomic [‘tetra ‘etomik] – чотирьох атомний

 

Task 2. Listen the text about molecule.  Read and translate the text.

 

MOLECULE

 

   A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bond. Molecules can exist as electrically neutral units unlike ions. Molecules are typically a set of atoms bound together by covalent bonds, such that the structure is electrically neu­tral and all valence electrons are paired with other electrons either in bonds or in lone pairs.

   A molecular structure depicts the bonds and relative positions of atoms in a molecule. One of the main characteristic of a molecule is its geometry often called its structure. While the structure of diatomic, triatomic or tetra atomic molecules may be trivial, (linear, angular pyramidal, etc.) the structure of polyatomic mole­cules, that are constituted of more than six atoms (of several elements) can be crucial for its chemical nature.

   The molecules of an element are identical and contain atoms of one type only. Oxygen gas, for example, has molecules made up of two oxygen atoms. The mole­cules of a compound are also identical, but in this case each molecule contains atoms of more than one type. In water for example, each molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. All gases, most liquids, and many non- metallic solids consist of molecules.

 

Task 3. Answers to the following questions.

 

1. What is molecule?
2. What do you know about the molecular structure?
3. What is the main characteristic of a molecule?
4. What gas has molecules made up of two oxygen atoms?
5. What do you know about molecules in water?

 

Task 4. Fill in the blanks.

 

1. A molecule is a group of...
2. The molecules of an ... are identical.
3. The molecules of a ... are also identical.
4. In ..., for example, each molecule is made of two ... atoms.
5. All gases, most ... and many non-metallic solids consist of... .

 

Task 5.  Read a new activities. Write down.

 

Cesium [‘si:ziem]– цезій
calcium [‘kelsiem] – кальцій
chlorine [‘klo:rin]– хлор
cuttlefish [katlfij]– каракатиця
copper [kope]– мідь
iron sulfate [airon salfeit]– сіркокисле залізо
lithium [litiem]– літій
mercury thiocyanate – ртуть
sodium [soudiem]– натрій

 

Task  6. Look the video and call substances with translation.

1.      Experiments.

Task  7.  Read and translate the text “Chemical reaction”.

 

CHEMICAL REACTION

 

   Chemical reaction is a concept related to the trans­formation of a chemical substance through its interaction with another, or as a result of its interaction with some form of energy. A chemical reaction may occur naturally or carried out in a laboratory by chemists in specially de­signed vessels which are often laboratory glassware. It can result in the formation or dissociation of molecules, that is, molecules breaking apart to form two or more smaller molecules, or rear­rangement of atoms within or across molecules.

   Chemical reactions usually involve the making or breaking of chemical bonds. Oxidation, reduction, dissociation, acid-base neutralization and molecular rear­rangement are some of the commonly used kinds of chemical reactions.

   A chemical reaction can be symbolically depicted through a chemical equa­tion. While in a non-nuclear chemical reaction the number and kind of atoms on both sides of the equation are equal, for a nuclear reaction this holds true only for the nuclear particles protons and neutrons.

   A stricter definition is that “a chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical species”. Under this definition, a chemical reaction may be an elementary reaction or a stepwise reaction. An additional caveat is made, in that this definition includes cases where the interconversion of conformers is experimentally observable. Such detectable chemical reactions normally involve sets of molecular entities as indicated by this definition, but it is often conceptually convenient to use the term also for changes involving single molecular entities.

 

Task 8. Find in the text the information about:

 

• the chemist’s work;
• the kinds of chemical reaction;
• a non-nuclear chemical reaction;
• a nuclear chemical reaction;
• the definition of an elementary reaction and a stepwise reaction.

 

Task 9. Translate into English:

 

1. Хімічна реакція може відбуватися природно або в лабораторії.
2. Молекулярна структура зображує зв'язки та розташування атомів в молекулі.
3. Хімічна реакція це процес взаємозаміни хімічних видів.
4. Молекули елементів однакові  і містять атоми тільки одного типу.
5. У воді кожна молекула виробляє два атоми водню і один атом кисню.

 

Task 10. Translate into Ukrainian:

1. All gases consist of molecule.
2. A chemical reaction can be symbolically depicted through a chemical equation.
3. Oxidation, reduction, dissociation, acid-base neutralization and molecular rearrangement are some of the commonly used kinds of chemical reaction.
4. A chemical reaction may be an elementary reaction or a stepwise reaction.
5. Molecules can exist as electrically neutral units.

 

Task 11. True or false:

1. A chemical reaction may occur in a laboratory by chemists.
2. The main characteristic of a molecule is its geometry.
3. In a non-nuclear chemical reaction the numbers of atoms are different.
4. Many non-metallic solids not consist of molecule.
5. A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bond.

 

Task 12. Correct and write these sentences:

1. Themoleculesofacompoundarealsoidentical.
2. Achemicalreactioncanbesymbolicallydepictedthroughachemicalequation.
3. Thestructureofdiatomictriatomicandtetraatomicmoleculesmaybetrivial.

 

Task 13. Make up a sentence of the following words:

1. covalent, are, a set, atoms, bound, of, together, by, molecules, typically, bonds.
2. particles, for, a, nuclear, the, for, the, nuclear, protons, reaction, and, holds, neutrons, only.
3. it, result, dissociation, the, can, formation, or, of, in, molecules.

 

Task 14. Form the word combinations:

Molecular                    particles

Oxygen                       equation

Main                           reaction

Elementary                 characteristics

Chemical                     atoms

Nuclear                       structure

 

IV. Заключна частина.

 

Task 15. Look at the picture and say: “What are we talking about?”

 

1. A molecule is a group of atoms joined together by chemical bond.
2. Geometry of a molecule is it’s the structure.
3. In water each molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
4. Oxygen gas has molecules made up of two oxygen atoms.
5. A chemical reaction may occur in a laboratory by chemists.
6. A chemical reaction may occur naturally.

 

Home task:

 

• Learn the new activities;
• tell about molecule and chemical reaction;
• p. 205, Еx. 1,2.

 

The lesson is over. Thank you. Good bye!