Презентація на тему "Англія"

Презентація уроку з англійської мови на тему: «Англія»

зміст1. Географічне положення країни2. Політична система3. Національні емблеми4. Лондон – столиця Великобританії5. Визначні пам'ятки країни

1. Географічне положення країни. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British­ Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of wa­ter which is called the English Channel. The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England, the central part, occupies the most of the island of Great Britain. To the north lies Scotland and to the west the third part of the country, Wales, is situated. The fourth part is called Northern Ireland and is located on the second island. Each part has its capital. The capital of England is London, Wales has Cardiff, Scotland has Edinburgh and the main city of Northern Ireland is Bel­fast. Great Britain is a country of forests and plains. There are no high mountains in this coun­try. Scotland is the most mountainous region with the highest peak, Ben Nevis. The rivers of Great Britain are not long. The longest rivers are the Thames and the Severn. The capital of the United Kingdom, Lon­don, stands on the bank of the Thames.

As the country is surrounded by many seas there are some great ports at the sea­side: London, Glasgow, Ply­mouth and others. Wales is a country of lakes. It has the most famous lake in the world — Loch-Ness. Seas and oceans influence the British cli­mate which is not too cold in winter but never hot insummer. Great Britain is a beautiful country with old traditions and good people.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies the territory of the British Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe. Once upon a time the British Isles were an integral part of the mainland. As a result of sinking of the land surface they became segregated. Great Britain is separated from the con­ti­nent by the English Channel. The country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Great Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland — by the Irish Sea. There are several islands along the coasts. The total area of the British Isles is 325000 km2. The main islands are the Isle of Man and the Isle of Wight.

2. Політична система The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional mon­ar­chy. The power of Queen Elizabeth II is not absolute. It is limited by Parliament. The legislative body, Parliament, con­sists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The executive body consists of the cen­tral Government — that is the Prime Min­is­ter and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are re­spon­si­ble for ini­tiating and di­recting the national policy. The judiciary body is independent of both the legislative and the executive ones. The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. General elections, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The leader of the party is appointed the Prime Minister by the Queen and chooses a team of ministers. The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with its own leader and the “Shadow Cabinet”. The House of Lords is a hereditary cham­ber. In Great Britain there is no written consti­tution, only customs and traditions.

3. Національні емблеми. The red rose was the emblem of Lan­cas­tri­ans, the white rose that of the Yorkists, the two Houses fighting for the English throne in the War of Roses. But their struggle ended by marriage of Henry VII, the Lancastrian with Princess Elizabeth, the Yorkist. The red rose has since become the em­blem of England. The thistle is the national emblem of Scot­land. It happened in very old times when Norsemen wanted to settle in this country. They came close to the Scots’ camps in the night and wanted to kill them in their sleep. That’s why they took off their shoes so as to make no noise. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle and screamed. The Scots woke up and put the enemy to flight. The leek is the emblem of Wales. Welshmen all over the world celebrate their national holiday St David’s Day by wearing leeks. They do it because they believe St David have lived for several years on bread and wild leeks. Irishmen wear their national emblem on St Patrick’s Day. It’s a small white clover with three leaves on the stem. It is called a shamrock.

Емблема при Єлизаветі IIЕмблема при Генрі VII

Емблема ШотландіїЕмблема Уельса

4. Лондон –столиця ВеликобританіїLondon is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and cultural centre. It is one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is more than 11 000 000 people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. Traditionally London is divided into sev­eral parts: the City, the. Westminster, the West End and the East End. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial and business centre. The Westminster is the aristocratic offi­cial part of London. It includes Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the Houses of Par­liament. The West End is the part where rich people­ live.

It is the most beautiful part of London. The best hotels, restaurants, shops, clubs, parks and houses are situated there. The East End is an industrial district of London. There are many factories and the Port of London there. London has many places of interest. One of them is the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government. There one can see the famous Tower Clock Big Ben, the symbol of London. Big Ben is the real bell which strikes every­ quarter of an hour. Another place of interest is Buckingham Palace. It’s the residence of the Queen. There are many other places of interest in London: Trafalgar Square, Regent’s Park, Westminster Abbey and, of course, the British Museum. It’s impossible to describe all places of in­terest. The best way to know London is to visit it.

5. Визначні памятки країни. There are a lot of places of interest in Great Britain. They are both modern and ancient monuments, like Stonehenge and Hadrian Wall, Durham castle and York Cathedral. The famous Lake District is in Northern England. In Embleside one can visit the Steam Boat Museum. The oldest ship in this museum — her name is “Dolly” — is 150 years old. In York the tourists are usually attracted by the National Railway Museum. It contains the history of Stephenson’s in­vention of steam locomotive. But the main attraction is London places of interest. Among them there are: Westminster Abbey­, the Houses of Parliament, Bucking­ham Palace, St Paul’s Cathedral, London­ Bridge, the Tower of London. London is situated on the river Thames. Its population is more than 11 million people.- The city is very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago. On the Houses of Parliament one can see the famous Tower Clock Big Ben, the symbol of London. Big Ben is the real bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. Another place which you can admire is Buckingham Palace. It’s the residence of the Queen. London is also famous for its beautiful parks. Hyde Park is the most democratic park in the world, as anyone can say anything he likes there. Regent’s Park is the home of London Zoo. I’d like to see all the sights myself.

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