Презентація на тему: «War crimes of the Russian army against cultural heritage sites in Ukraine after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war»

Prepared. Student - 42 O is groups. Oksana Baitsуm «War crimes of the Russian army against cultural heritage sites in Ukraine after the start of the Russian-Ukrainian war»

Examples of Russian war crimes against cultural heritage in Ukraine: Destruction of archeological objects - mounds, ramparts of ancient earthen fortifications, excavation sites, etc .;Facts of injury / death of civilians as a result of the use of force and weapons by the occupier in an attempt to damage cultural objects;Seizure of property, looting by museums of museums, libraries and other cultural institutions;Damage to ancient buildings (architectural monuments), historical cemeteries, monuments, religious buildings, works of art, natural monuments, buildings of cultural institutions - theaters, museums, libraries, etc .; The Russians targeted historical and architectural monuments, religious buildings of world importance, including the UNESCO list, museums, theaters, libraries, memorials, and the line of fire - the works of artists known in all parts of the world. As of May 1, 2022, 250 monuments of architecture, theaters, museums and religious buildings have already been destroyed and mutilated in Ukraine as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian war. Destruction of cultural heritage sites is a war crime under the 1954 Hague Convention.

the Russian occupier destroys cultural and historical monuments, peaceful cities, and residential buildings. The photo from Kyiv region is eloquent - where the figure of the great freedom fighter Taras Shevchenko is a witness of Russia's crimes.04.03.2022 Kyiv region. Borodzianka 

Okhtyrka City Museum of Local Lore in Sumy Region. Okhtyrka City Museum of Local Lore in Sumy Region before and after the bombing on March 9, 2022 by Russian troops. Museum in the center of Okhtyrka, on the street. Independence, began its work 102 years ago as an independent institution since 1995 and contained thousands of exhibits on the history of great Ukrainians. Before the war, you could learn the history of the Cossack regiments of Sumy region, the connection with the land of the legendary Cossack Ivan Sirko. The collection contained books about the liberation of Ukraine from fascist invaders, personal belongings of the writer Ivan Bagryany. Later, the Russian occupiers looted the museum's exposition (the extent of the collection's losses is currently unknown). MUSEUMS

Kharkiv Art Museum. One of the most famous museums in Ukraine. An architectural monument of local significance. The building was built in 1912. The house was designed by architect Alexei Beketov. Destroyed on March 7, 2022. As a result of the blast wave, the museum building was not damaged, the walls and roof were in place, but the glass - almost 150 windows - flew. The exhibits were not damaged, they are now in a safe place.

Historical house, Vasyl Tarnovsky Museum of Antiquities in Chernihiv. Vasyl Tarnovsky's historic house in Chernihiv was damaged on March 11, 2022 due to shelling by the Russian occupiers. Built in the late nineteenth century. The buildings were once the Chernihiv Museum of Ukrainian Antiquities, the Chernihiv Historical Museum, and the Library for Youth. The building survived the shelling of the Bolsheviks in 1918 and 1919. It managed to survive during World War II, although the Nazis bombed. However, due to the Russian invasion, the building was destroyed.

Historical and architectural museum-reserve«Popov Estate» in the Zaporozhye region. The Popov estate is a unique monument of history and architecture of the second half. XIX century. Before the Russian invasion, the estate operated a museum. In February, a unique 19th-century Austrian bronze grand piano was brought in, and tours of the historic complex were conducted. On March 7, 2022, during the military invasion of Ukraine, the Russian occupiers fired on the Popov Manor Historical and Architectural Museum. As a result of the shelling, the building of the arena-stable estate of Popov was damaged. On March 13, 2022, the Russian occupiers looted everything they could get their hands on and bags. The occupiers smashed and trampled office equipment. In addition, they smashed windows and broke down all doors, as well as destroyed everything in their path.

Ivankiv Historical and Local History Museum. Kyiv region. Ivankiv Historical and Local History Museum is a historical and local lore museum in the center of Ivankiv village, which houses collections of materials and objects from the history, culture and personalities of the former Ivankiv district. The museum was opened on February 21, 1981. Before the destruction of the Russian occupiers, it housed 410 exhibits. The pride of the museum was a collection of works of art by Ukrainian folk artist in the genre of «naive art» Maria Primachenko and embroiderer Anna Veres. As a result of the occupation of the village by Russian troops on February 27, 2022, the historic building of the museum burned down completely. Vlada Litovchenko, director of the Vyshhorod Historical and Cultural Reserve, said that a local resident smashed the window of a building that was already smoking and took out about 10 works by Primachenko. According to some reports, some other exhibits were saved.

Arkhip Kuindzhi Art Museum in Mariupol. Kuindzhi Art Museum is a state art museum in Mariupol. The building is 1902 in the style of northern Art Nouveau. On March 21, 2022, during a direct hit by a Russian air bomb, the museum building was destroyed. The museum kept original works by Ukrainian artists - Ivan Aivazovsky, Mykola Glushchenko, Tatiana Yablonska, Mykhailo Deregus and others. Their fate is currently unknown. In total, the Museum Fund had about 2,000 exhibits, including works of art, decorative and applied arts, graphics and sculpture.

Regional Art Museum. G. Galagan. As a result of the bombing on March 6, 2022, the facades, windows and some interiors of the architectural monument of local significance - the building of the former women's gymnasium, 1899, which houses the Chernihiv Regional Art Museum named after Hryhoriy Galagan - the regional center of culture and aesthetic education . Created in 1983

House-museum and estate MM Kotsyubynsky in the city of Chernihiv. Chernihiv Literary Memorial Museum-Reserve of MM Kotsyubynsky is a literary-memorial museum-reserve dedicated to the life and work of the outstanding Ukrainian writer of the early twentieth century. M. Kotsyubynsky, housed in a former private house of the writer in Chernihiv; cultural center of the city. Founded in 1935 Mortar shelling on March 6, 2022 damaged the walls, ceilings, windows, doors and some interiors of this historical monument of national importance. Inside the museum, some furniture and exhibits were damaged, including a memorial bookcase and grand piano.

Assumption Svyatogorsk Lavra of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Donetsk region. On March 13, 2022, the Russians shelled the Assumption Svyatogorsk Lavra of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the Donetsk region. The first written mention of the monastery dates back to 1526. The monastery has a long and complex history. In this area in the VIII-IX centuries. Admirers of icons hid from iconoclasts in the XII-XIII centuries. the locals escaped here from the horde. In the XVI-XVII centuries. the monastery was a Christian outpost, but after the conquest of Crimea by the Russian Empire it lost its military significance and was secularized. Temples

monument of Ukrainian wooden architecture of the 2nd half of the XIX century. In 1758 the first church was built in the village. During 1879 the present church was built opposite the old one. On March 25, 2022, after the liberation of the village by the Armed Forces from the Russian invaders, the latter destroyed the temple. According to his abbot, «at 4 o'clock in the morning a Russian tank destroyed this church with four shots». Church of the Ascension in Lukyanivka, Brovary district, Kyiv region.

Holy Dormition Cathedral in Kharkiv. Holy Dormition Cathedral - the building of the oldest Orthodox church in Kharkiv, an architectural monument of national importance. Located in the city center. The cathedral was founded in the middle of the 17th century, and the modern building was erected in 1771-1777 at the expense of the clergy and Kharkivites. The style of the church is baroque, the bell towers are classicism. As a result of the shelling on March 2, 2022, all the windows in the cathedral were broken, stained glass windows were damaged and church utensils were damaged.

Church in honor of St. Luke the Crimean in Rubizhne in Luhansk region. According to the head of the Luhansk Regional Military Administration Serhiy Haidai, a Russian shell hit the church on April 4, 2022. The abbot was wounded by shrapnel, as well as the priest of another church, which was also in the church at the time. The church belongs to the Severodonetsk eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate.

Church of the Resurrection Lukashivka, Chernihiv region. As a result of the Russian shelling on March 20, 2022 and fires, the facades, roofs and interiors of the architectural monument of local significance - the Church of the Resurrection, built in 1913 - were damaged. The occupiers used the church building as a headquarters to store ammunition.

St. George's Church Zavorichi, Kyiv region. As a result of artillery shelling on March 7, 2022, a monument of architecture (newly discovered cultural heritage site) burned down - a single-domed wooden church of St. George in 1878.

Intercession (Nativity of the Blessed Virgin) church in the village. Vyazivka, Zhytomyr Region. This is a wooden Orthodox church in the village of Vyazivka. Architectural monument of national importance. Built in 1862. As a result of the shelling on March 7, 2022, the monument was partially destroyed.

Church of the Intercession in Malyn. Zhytomyr region. The Church of the Intercession is an Orthodox church in Malyn. It dates from the XX-XXI centuries. On March 6, 2022, the occupiers launched an air strike on the central square of the city. The blast damaged the walls of the temple, and the windows of the building exploded.

St. Tikhvin Church in Volnovakha. Donetsk region. As a result of numerous shellings on April 14, 2022, the facades, windows, roof and utensils of the modern building of St. Tikhvin Church were damaged.

Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin in Dergachi, Kharkiv region. Architectural and urban monument of local significance. The modern church was built of brick in the early XIX century. on the site of the old one, the consecration of the temple took place in 1868. Built in 1938 in the style of classicism. As a result of the shelling on April 4, 2022, facades and windows were damaged.

Holy Ascension Cathedral (All Saints Church) in Izium, Kharkiv region. Holy Ascension Cathedral was built and consecrated in 1826. The church is built in the style of classicism, single-nave with a bell tower over the west porch. The shelling on March 22, 2022 damaged the roof, windows, facades and the entrance group of architectural monuments of national importance.

Church of the Exaltation of the Cross (Mykolayiv) Church in Izyum, Kharkiv Region. As a result of the shelling on March 27, 2022 of the damaged roof and dome of the architectural monument of national importance - the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross (Nikolaev), built in 1809-1823. Initially, the church was built in the style of classicism, but over its more than one and a half centuries of history has been rebuilt many times.

Catherine's Church in Chernihiv. As a result of the shelling on March 26, 2022, the northern facade and windows of the architectural monument of national importance - St. Catherine's Church, 1710-1715. A striking example of the stone Ukrainian architecture of the Left Bank of the XVII-XVIII centuries. It is one of the symbols of Chernihiv.

Church of the Assumption. Chernihiv region, Nizhyn district, village New Bulls. The shelling between February 26 and March 31, 2022 damaged windows, doors, facades, roofing and church utensils of the architectural monument (newly discovered cultural heritage site) - the Church of the Assumption, built in 1801-1804. The founder of the church is KG Rozumovsky.

Mariupol Drama Theater. Donetsk Academic Regional Drama Theater is a regional academic drama theater in Mariupol, one of the oldest theaters in the Left Bank of Ukraine. The modern building of the theater was built in 1956-1960. It was designed by architects O. Krylov and O. Malyshenko. On March 16, 2022, the Russian armed forces launched an air strike on the theater in Mariupol, which was used as a bomb shelter during the blockade of Mariupol. According to various sources, from 500 people to 1,200 civilians were hiding in it. The room was destroyed. On March 25, 2022, an official representative of Mariupol confirmed that about 300 people had died as a result of the attack. Theaters and concert halls

Regional Youth Center in Chernihiv. The rocket hit on February 27, 2022 partially destroyed the architectural monument of local significance - the building of the former cinema. Shchorsa 1935-1947, which housed the Regional Youth Center.

Historic buildings. Sumy cadet corps. The architectural complex of the cadet corps was built in 1903 according to the project of the Kyiv architect Karol Ivanytsky. Its buildings combine three versions of historicism - neoclassicism, neo-Gothic, «brick style». Tens of thousands of Ukrainian officers studied here, many of whom are now at war with the Russian occupiers. A rocket attack by Russian troops caused considerable damage to this architectural monument.

Korolenko Kharkiv State Scientific Library. The largest library in Kharkiv and Eastern Ukraine, the second largest in the book fund after the National Library of Ukraine named after VI Vernadsky, is a library institution of Ukraine. The library has 7 million copies of documents in different languages. This is a fund of national importance. Founded: October 8, 1886 On March 13, 2022, it suffered as a result of the actions of the Russian occupiers. Currently, the windows in the building are broken, two bookstores, the main building and the grand piano have been damaged. The book collections in the library are not damaged at this time, but this may happen due to a violation of the temperature regime. Stained glass windows in the building were also damaged.

Chernihiv Regional Universal Scientific Library named after VG Korolenko. As a result of the shelling on March 30, 2022, facades and windows were damaged, the roof of the historical monument of local significance was partially destroyed - the building of the former noble and peasant bank of 1910-1913, which now houses the Chernihiv Regional Universal Scientific Library. VG Korolenko. It is the main and largest library in the region.

House №8 on Svobody Street in Kharkiv. Built in 1911 as a profitable house for the merchant Maslovsky, the house was a shining example of Kharkiv modernism and an architectural monument of local significance. Its architect is Moses Meletinsky. As a result of missile strikes by Russian troops during the battles for Kharkiv on March 14, 2022 at about 8:30 the house was half-destroyed. The entire central part of the building with floors was completely destroyed. Two people died under the rubble of the house.

Okhtyrka railway station. The Okhtyrka railway station was opened in 1895. It is located on the main line Kharkiv - Sumy. Construction of the railway in Okhtyrka began in 1893, and in 1895 the first freight train passed here. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the occupying forces on March 12, 2022 completely destroyed the old building of the Okhtyrka railway station.

Architectural monument - the former fire department №4 and a depot for cars was built in 1887 by architect G. Strizhevsky. March 28, 2022. It was damaged by racists in Kharkiv The destruction occurred due to enemy shelling of the city. Fire department on Zaikivka. Kharkiv

Gamper's house in Mariupol. The occupiers in Mariupol destroyed the Gamper House, built in the neo-Gothic style in 1897. The building housed a famous Mariupol doctor and public figure Sergei Gamper. It is considered one of the oldest buildings in the city. Externally, the building resembles a Gothic castle. On April 12, 2022, Russian shelling partially destroyed the facades, roof and interiors of an old apartment building.

A symbol of the stability of Ukrainians - a kitchen cabinet with a ceramic rooster from the occupied Borodyanka - is now the property of the Museum Fund of Ukraine. On April 16, 2022, a cultural «special operation» was carried out to museify the legendary kitchen cabinet and preserve all its contents. Since then, it has been in the funds of the National Museum of the Revolution of Dignity. Along with the cabinet, a decorative ceramic rooster, which survived the explosion of a Russian air bomb, was handed over.

Chernihiv City Council. The bombing on February 27, 2022 damaged the facades and windows of an architectural monument of local significance - the building of the former Chernihiv State Bank in 1908, which now houses the Chernihiv City Council.

Kharkiv Court of Appeal. These are monuments of architecture and urban planning of local significance - the former building of judicial institutions was built during the years 1899-1902. It was built according to the project of Academician of Architecture OM Beketov with the participation of architects Yu. S. Caune and W. B. Khrustalova on Skobelovskaya Square. As a result of a missile strike on March 6, 2022, facades and windows were damaged.

Kharkiv Regional State Administration. As a result of the missile strike on March 1, 2022, the monument of architecture and urban planning of local significance was partially destroyed - the building of the former regional committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in 1951, which now houses the Kharkiv Regional State Administration.

Old railway station «Zaporozhye-second». «Catherine's Railway House»The station was opened in 1904 during the construction of the Catherine Railway on the section Dovgyntsevo - Volnovakha. Rocket fire on March 16, 2022 damaged the facades, windows and roof of an architectural monument of local significance

Former building of the district court in Chernihiv. As a result of the shelling on February 25, 2022 and the subsequent fire, the roof and interiors of the historical monument of local significance - the former building of the district court, in 1904, which housed the regional office of the SBU.

Archives of Vyacheslav Chornovil and political prisoner Mykola Plakhotniuk in Bucha. Kyiv region. The archives of Vyacheslav Chornovil and dissident Sixties political prisoner Mykola Plakhotniuk were destroyed by Russians in Bucha on March 31, 2022. In addition, all books from the former Chornovil Foundation have been lost, said Bohdan Plakhotniuk, Chornovil's nephew.«The archive of V. Chornovil was partially destroyed. All books from the former Chornovil Foundation and more than 60 complete sets of the ten-volume Chornovil were destroyed. The archive of my father, a political prisoner of the Soviet system Mykola Plakhotniuk, was destroyed, except for a few notebooks that flew out during the explosion, «Bohdan Plakhotniuk said.

Vasyl Nazarovych Karazin Kharkiv National University. Until 2009, the University of Kharkiv had the status of an autonomous research university. It was founded on November 17, 1804 on the initiative of the outstanding educator V. Karazin, and was inaugurated on January 29 (17) 1805. After Lviv National University. I. Franko is the second oldest university in Ukraine. In 2022, the university suffered significantly during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. On March 2, the Russian shelling hit the building of the Faculty of Economics, on March 5 the university sports complex was partially destroyed, on March 11 - the building of the Faculty of Physics and Technology, on March 18 - the building of the Institute of Public Administration. As of March 22, according to the university's press service, he had no remains intact. The building of Kharkiv National University. Karazina was completely destroyed, it was reported on April 1.

On May 2, 2022, the Russian occupiers destroyed a gymnasium-monument of architecture of the end of the XIX century in Luhansk region - said the head of the Luhansk regional military administration Sergei Gaidai. The gymnasium, the building of which is part of the ensemble of the Belgian architectural heritage Lysychansk, burned down due to shelling by the Russian military. Lysychansk Multidisciplinary Gymnasium has repeatedly been included in the ranking of the best educational institutions in Ukraine, its graduates entered the best universities in the country. Prior to that, the school withstood two world wars and the battle for the city in 2014. Gymnasium in Lysychansk

The building of the Kharkiv Regional State Administration. This is the local state administration of Kharkiv region. Created on July 7, 1995 On March 1, 2022, the building of the Kharkiv Regional State Administration was damaged by a missile strike by the Russian occupiers. According to preliminary data, 7 people died and 24 were injured, including one child. On March 23, a SES spokesman said the bodies of 24 people had been found and that the debris was being dismantled.

Drobitsky Yar (another name - Travnytska Valley)tract near Kharkiv, in the eastern part of the village of Zatyshshya. The memorial was built in 1994-2006. Drobitsky Yar is known as the site of mass shootings of civilians by Nazi occupation forces in 1941-1942. In 2016, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine of December 6, 2016, the Drobitsky Yar Memorial Complex acquired the status of a monument of history and monumental art of local significance. On March 26, 2022, the memorial was damaged by shelling by Russian troops invading Ukraine (the menorah in the Drobitsky Gorge was smashed by Russian shells). Memorial complexes

Yatsevo Memorial Cemetery with a memorial to the deceased and the Chapel of St. Archangel Michael in Chernihiv. As a result of the shelling on April 3, 2022 and the movement of military equipment, the tombstones of ATO / OOS fighters, a memorial to soldiers who died for Ukraine, as well as the cemetery chapel of St. Archangel Michael, built between 2015 and 2021.