Презентація з англійської мови до теми: "Театр"

Theatre

Theatre, thought, think [θ] Opera, operetta [o] Music [ju:] Ballet [ж]

Theatre

The First Musical Instruments

Greek Myths

Pan and Siring

The Last Instruments

Ancient Theater in Greece

The Greek theatre (AE theater) or Greek drama is a theatrical tradition that flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BC. Athens, the political and military power in Greece during this period, was the center of ancient Greek theatre.

Attending the theatre in ancient Greece was a great festive occasion. The statue of Dionysus, god of wine, was carried through the streets, leading a procession to the outdoor hillside theater where the plays were to be performed.

Several plays, all religious and nationalistic in character, were shown in one day. The spectators thrilled to the dramatic stories of gods and heroes and had the added excitement of witnessing a contest, for the best playwright was awarded a prize.

Greek theater had its origins in song and dance. The song was the ancient dithyramb, a choral narrative in honor of Dionysus, sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. The dances depicted the harvest work and festivals honoring dead heroes.

The word τραγοιδία, from which the English word tragedy is derived, is "goat-men sacrifice song". Until the Hellenistic period, all tragedies were unique pieces written in honor of Dionysus, so that today we only have the pieces that were still remembered well enough to have been repeated when repetition of old tragedies became fashion. It was considered a decline of the original, one-time-played tragedy.

Tragedy (late 6th century BC), comedy (~486 BC), and satyr plays were some of the theatrical forms to emerge in the world. Greek theatre and plays have had a lasting impact on Western drama and culture.

Tragedy and comedy were viewed as completely separate genres, and no plays ever merged aspects of the two. Satyr plays dealt with the mythological subject matter of the tragedies, but in a purely comedic manner.

The Greek theaters were magnificent structures. Fifteen or twenty thousand spectators sat in bleacherlike tiers built on a hillside in an arc around the acting and dancing space, called the orchestra.

Modern Theater in Greece

The theatre was originally founded in 1880 with a grant from George I and Efstratios Rallis to give theatre a permanent home in Athens. The foundations for this new project were laid on Agiou Konstantinou Street and the building itself was designed by the famous Austrian architect noted for many other public buildings in Athens at the time, Ernst Ziller.

The National Theater began to expand it's operations and in 1901 a Drama School opens, in the same year The Royal Theatre opens its doors to the public with a monologue from Dimitris Verardakis.

Following the first performance the theatre begins to expand in popularity among Greece's upper and upper middle classes and stages more productions. One of the most famous of the period was Aeschylus. Oresteia is staged in a prose translation by Yorgos Sotiriadis.

Ukrainian Theater

Ukrainian came late to theater. By the time of the first professional theater performances in Ukraine in the mid-17th century, the Spanish, English and French theaters had already experienced their Golden Ages and produced playwrights such as Shakespeare, Calderone and Moliere.

The earliest entertainers were the skomoroki, itinerant court -attached jesters-musicians- singers-story-tellers, who often performed with bears and puppets, perhaps as early as the tenth Century. The theater's roots were folkloric rather than liturgical.

The church was by turns friendly and hostile to the theater. They abhorred the skomoroki but encouraged church-sponsored theater. One of their earliest predictions in the 1400s was the church produced "Fiery Furnace" in Kiev where townspeople masquerading as Chaldens burned three choirboys impersonating Israelite youth in a pulpit-cauldron.

The skomoroki were officially attached to the court in 1572, but their performances were forbidden by order of Tzar Alexei Mikhailovich in 1648. The people thought they possessed magical power and Alexei's advisors viewed them as a threat to the court.

They fled to the north, continued to perform in the countryside and centuries later their skills reappeared in public performance in the circus, the fairground balagan and variety arts estrada theater.

The Kiev Academy helped establish a formal dramatic repertory in late 17th and early 18th Century. Their plays on biblical and historic themes, expressed pro-tzarist sympathies and incorporated realistic elements, songs and dances.

Some private theaters were built in Kiev, in Saikonospanssky cloister, in Novgorod seminaries and at the bishop's house in Rostov. Novices were actors and performed in plays such "Sinner," "Christ Christmas and Resurrection," "Saintly Martyr Evodia," "The Second Lord's Advent."

The Kiev Academy helped establish a formal dramatic repertory in late 17th and early 18th Century. Their plays on biblical and historic themes, expressed pro-tzarist sympathies and incorporated realistic elements, songs and dances.

Alexei's daughter, Princess Sophia Alekseevna, was the author of the first Russian tragedy "Martyr Ekaterina." After the death of Alexei in 1674, the theater was closed.

A theater constructed in Red Square in 1702 called "The Comedy Chramina" ("The Temple of Comedy") was used by Kunst's German troupe and performed plays by Moliere, Calderone and other European playwrights. Comic interludes were popular. No formal theatrical tradition was established and the theater was closed in 1704.

Empress Elizabeth invited the Yaroslav actor Fyodor Volkov , his brother Grigory and the dramatist director Alexander Sumarokov to establish the first permanent professional theater in Russia in 1756 on Vaslievsky Island in St Petersburg.

Konstantin Stanislavsky, a textile magnate and amateur director and actor, and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, a prizewinning dramatist, critic and head of the drama section of the Philharmonic School met on June 23, 1897.

But our theater has such apperiance!

Most modern theatre buildings have the auditorium and the stage. The auditorium is where the actor and actress sits. The seats on the ground floor are called the stats. A curtain covers the stage. The auditorium did not separate from the stage by the orchestra pit. At the sides of the stage are the wings.

Have you ever been to the theatre? When and where did you go there? Who did you go with? What play did you see? What was it: drama, comedy, opera?

The town we live in is not very large if you want to see a performance a play you must go to the our folk theatre. There you can see dramas, tragedies and comedies. You can get a lot of impressions and pleasure.