Lesson 4
Understanding and Managing Conflict
Reading
Psychology and Conflict
Conflict is a natural part of human interaction. People may disagree because they
have different needs, opinions, values, expectations, or ways of understanding a
situation. However, conflict is not always negative. When people manage it
constructively, it can help them understand each other and find better solutions.
Psychology helps us understand why people react differently to conflict.
Emotions,
personality, previous experiences, and social environment
can influence a person's
behaviour during a disagreement. For example, a person who feels threatened may
become aggressive, while another person may try to avoid the conflict.
Communication is an important part of conflict management.
Active listening
helps
people understand not only what another person says but also what they feel and
need. It is also useful to express one's own feelings without blaming the other person.
For example, saying
“I feel frustrated when…”
is often more constructive than
saying
“You always…”
.
Another important psychological skill is
perspective-taking
— the ability to
understand a situation from another person's point of view. Empathy and open
communication can reduce tension and make cooperation easier.
Effective conflict resolution usually involves identifying the problem, considering
possible solutions, evaluating the alternatives, and learning from the experience.
Thus, understanding psychological processes can help people manage conflicts more
effectively and develop healthier relationships.
Useful Vocabulary
conflict
— a disagreement between people
conflict management
— ways of dealing with disagreements
active listening
— listening carefully and showing understanding
empathy
— understanding another person's feelings
perspective-taking
— seeing a situation from another person's point of view
aggressive
— behaving in an angry or forceful way
constructive
— useful and positive
tension
— a feeling of stress or conflict
resolve
— to find a solution to a problem
behaviour
— the way a person acts
Listening
1. Before listening
Discuss the questions with a partner.
1.
What can cause conflict between people?
2.
How do people usually react when they are angry?
3.
What skills can help people manage conflict?
2. Listen for the main idea
Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer.
What is the main topic of the dialogue?
A. Why people should avoid conflicts
B. How psychological factors influence conflict and how people can manage it
C. Why people become aggressive
D. How to improve communication at university
3. True or False
Listen again and decide whether the statements are
True (T)
or
False (F)
.
1.
Conflict is always negative. _____
2.
People can react differently to conflict because of their emotions and previous
experiences. _____
3.
Active listening is an important conflict-management skill. _____
4.
The speakers think that blaming other people is a good way to solve a conflict.
_____
5.
Empathy means understanding another person's feelings. _____
6.
Perspective-taking means trying to see a situation from another person's point
of view. _____
7.
Conflict can sometimes improve relationships. _____
4. Complete the sentences
Listen again and complete the sentences with
one or two words
.
1.
Conflict can help people understand each other and find better __________.
2.
Emotions, personality, and previous __________ can influence our behaviour.
3.
One important skill in conflict management is __________ listening.
4.
It is better to talk about our own __________ instead of blaming another
person.
5.
Empathy means trying to understand another person's __________ and point of
view.
6.
Good communication can help people __________ conflicts more effectively.
5. Match the terms with their definitions
Match
1–6
with
A–F
.
Term
Definition
1. conflict
A. carefully listening to another person
2. active listening
B. understanding another person's feelings
3. empathy
C. a disagreement between people
4. perspective-taking D. a useful and positive approach
5. constructive
E. the ability to see a situation from another person's point of
view
6. conflict
management
F. ways of dealing with disagreements
6. Vocabulary in context
Choose the best meaning of the words in bold.
1.
Some people become
aggressive
when they feel threatened.
A. friendly
B. angry or forceful
C. nervous but quiet
2.
This type of communication is more
constructive
.
A. useful and positive
B. emotional and aggressive
C. difficult to understand
3.
Empathy can help
reduce tension
.
A. make people more relaxed
B. make people more aggressive
C. make people avoid communication
4.
People can
resolve
conflicts effectively.
A. create
B. avoid
C. find a solution to
7. According to the dialogue, four skills can help people manage conflict.
1. ____________________
↓
2. ____________________
↓
3. ____________________
↓
4. ____________________
8. Speaking after listening
Discuss the questions in pairs or small groups.
1.
Why do people react differently to conflict?
2.
Which is more difficult: active listening or perspective-taking? Why?
3.
Can conflict sometimes have a positive effect on relationships?
4.
What communication strategies can help reduce tension during a conflict?
9. Academic discussion
Complete the statement and explain your opinion.
Effective conflict management depends not only on finding a solution but also on
understanding people's emotions and needs.
Do you agree or disagree?
Use at least
three
of these expressions:
In my opinion, ...
I agree that ...
I partly agree because ...
One important factor is ...
For example, ...
As a result, ...
Therefore, ...
However, ...