Презентація на тему "Present Tenses"

Present tenses?...…What are they???...

There are two tenses in English – past and present. The present tenses in English are used:to talk about the present;to talk about the future;to talk about the past.

There are 4 present tense forms in English:{E8 B1032 C-EA38-4 F05-BA0 D-38 AFFFC7 BED3}Tense. Form. Present Continuous. I am studying. Present Simple. I study. Present Perfect. I have studied. Present Perfect Continuous. I have been studying

Present Continuous. Study this example situations: Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work. She is driving to work.(This means: she is driving now, at the time of speaking. The action is not finished.)Am/is/are –ing is the present continuous:{9 DCAF9 ED-07 DC-4 A11-8 D7 F-57 B35 C25682 E}IAM = I’mdriving. He/she/it. IS = he’s etc.working. We/you/they. ARE = we’re etc.playing. I am doing something = I am in the middle of doing something; I’ve started doing it and I haven’t finished yet. Often the action is happening at the time of speaking.

So…WHEN do we use PRESENT CONTINUOUS?..for actions taking place now, at the moment of speaking. For example: Please don’t make so much noise. I’m working. for temporary actions (that are going on around now, but not at the actual moment of speaking). For example: I’m looking for a new job these days.with adverbs such as: always, constantly, continually, etc. for actions which happen very often, usually to express annoyance or anger. For example: You are constantly interrupting me when I’m talking.for actions that we have already arranged to do in the near future, especially when the time and place have been decided. For example: They’re moving into their new house next week.for changing or developing situations. For example: More and more species are becoming extinct. Remember this!!!

Present Simple. Study this example situations: Alex is a bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep. So: He is not driving a bus. (He is asleep.)but He drives a bus. (He is a bus driver.)Drive(s)/work(s)/do(es) etc. is the present simple: We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We are not thinking only about now. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general. It is not important whether the action is happening at the time of speaking.{E8 B1032 C-EA38-4 F05-BA0 D-38 AFFFC7 BED3}I/we/you/theydrive/work/do etc.he/she/itdrives/works/does etc.

So…WHEN do we use PRESENT SIMPLE?..for temporary states, repeated actions and daily routines. For example: He works in school. for general truths, laws of nature. For example: The sun sets in the west.for timetables and programmes. For example: The lane from London comes at 7 p.m..for sports commentaries, reviews and narration. For example: Peterson overtakes John and wins the race. To give instructions or directions. For example: You cut cheese and sprinkle it on pizza. Remember this!!!

Present Perfect. Study this example situations: Tom is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key.‘He has lost his key’ = He lost it and he still hasn’t got it. Have/has lost is the present perfect: The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in –ed (finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (lost/done/been/ written etc.) you must know them by heart.{ED083 AE6-46 FA-4 A59-8 FB0-9 F97 EB10719 F}I/we/they/youhave = I’ve etc.finished, lostdone, beenhe/she/ithas = he’s etc.

So…WHEN do we use PRESENT PERFECT?..for an action which starts in the past and continues up to the present. For example: Julia has had the dog for three years.for an action which has recently finished and whose result is visible in the present. For example: She has just washed her hair.for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned because it is either unknown or unimportant. The emphasis is placed on the action. For example: The Taylors has bought a sailing boat.for an action which has happened within a specific time period which is not over at the moment of speaking. For example: She has taken 15 pictures today. To announce a piece of news BUT the past simple or past continuous to give more details about it. For example: The police have finally arrested Peter Duncan He was trying to leave the country when they caught him. Remember this!!!

Present Perfect Continuous. Study this example situations: It has been raining. Is it raining? –No, but the ground is wet. It has been raining. Have/has been -ing is the present perfect continuous: We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped. It has some connections with now.{5 C22544 A-7 EE6-4342-B048-85 BDC9 FD1 C3 A}I/we/they/you. Have = I’ve etc.been. Doing, waiting, playing etc. He/she/it. Has = he’s etc.

.. WHEN do we use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS?.. To put emphasis on the duration of an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. For example: Sam has been talking on the phone for half an hour.for an action which started in the past and lasted for some time. The action may be finished or may still be going on. The result of the action is visible in the present. For example: Her feet hurt. She has been walking all morning.to express anger, irritation, annoyance. For example: Somebody has been giving away our plans. Remember this!!!

Keep calm..and...learn grammar.. ..together with cats!Presentation is completed by Oksana Lepuha