Презентація: "Sequence of Tenses: Direct speech and Reported Speech"

SEQUENCE OF TENSESDirect Speech and Reported Speech

WHAT IS SEQUENCE OF TENSES ?In a thorough writing, the tenses do not have to be the same, but they must agree with each other both logically and grammatically in a way that sequence of actions in the sentence is demonstrated chronologically to the reader. The term "sequence of tenses" is often translated into Ukrainian as "agreement of tenses". Direct and reported speech give us a great opportunity to understand how the rules of the sequence of tenses work.

I knew (that) –(Я знав , що)He said (that) –(Він сказав, що)Дія, яка відбувається в теперішньому часіhe lived in Kуіv.він живе у Києві. Дія, яка була в минуломуhe had lived in Kiev.він жив у Києві. Дія, яка відбудеться в майбутньомуhe would live in Kiev.він буде жити у Києві.

I hoped that he (to have) breakfast at home.а) I hoped that he had breakfast at home. (снідає)b) I hoped that he had had breakfast at home. (поснідав)c) I hoped that he would have breakfast at home. (буде снідати)He thought she (to feel) lonely in London. He thought she felt lonely in London. (почувається)He thought she had felt lonely in London. (почувалася)He thought she would feel lonely in London. (буде почувати себе)I was happy you (to know) my name. I was happy you knew my name. (знаєш)I was happy you had known my name. (знала)I was happy you would know my name. (дізнаєшся)

Present Simple I do …Present Continuous He is doing …Present Perfect I have done …Past Simple I did …Past Continuous I was doing …Past Perfect I had gone …Future Simple I will do…….. Past Simple I did …Past Continuous He was doing …Past Perfect I had done …Past Perfect I had done …Past Perfect Continuous I had been doing …does not change I had gone …Future in the Past I would do…

{ED626247-4 DD5-421 C-AD06-822 BCB388 A4 F} Present. Past. Future. Future in the Past. Simple. V (S)V 2 will Vwould VContinuousam is V ingarewaswere V ingwill be Vingwould be Ving. Perfecthave V 3hashad V 3will have V3would have V3 Perfect. Continuoushave been Vinghas beenhad been Vingwill have been Vingwould have been Ving

{ED626247-4 DD5-421 C-AD06-822 BCB388 A4 F}Direct. Speech. Reported Speech. Examplesam/ is arewaswere. She said: “ Pete is ready.”She said (that) Pete was ready.have/hashad. She said: “ Pete has breakfast.”She said (that) Pete had breakfast. She said: “ Pete has painted a dog.” She said (that) Pete had painted a dogcancan’tcouldcouldn’t She said: “ Pete can/ can’t swim.”She said (that) Pete could/ couldn’t swim. V(s)play(s)write(s)  V (ed); V2playedwrote. She said: “ Pete plays football in the gym.”She said (that) Pete played football in the gym. She said: “ Pete writes letters very seldom.” She said (that) Pete wrote letters very seldom.don’t/doesn’tdidn’t. She said: “ Pete doesn’t play football in the gym.”She said (that) Pete didn’t play football in the gym. She said: “ Pete doesn’t write letters very seldom.” She said (that) Pete didn’t write letters very seldom.{ED626247-4 DD5-421 C-AD06-822 BCB388 A4 F}willwould She said: “ Pete will phone.”She said (that) Pete would phone. 

{ED626247-4 DD5-421 C-AD06-822 BCB388 A4 F}  He said, “I don’t know what to do”. He said he didn’t know what to do. She said, “I’m writing a letter”. She said she was writing a letter. They said, “We’ve never been to Spain”. They said they had never been to Spain. He said, “It has been raining for 2 hours”. He said it had been raining for 2 hours. He said “I talked to her yesterday”. He said he had talked to her the day before. She said, “It was raining and it was cold”. She said it had been raining and it had been cold. She said, ”I had already cleaned the flat”. She said she had already cleaned the flat. He said, “I’ll come back one day”. He said he would come back one day. He said, “I’ll be doing a presentation at this time tomorrow”. He said he would be doing a presentation at this time the next day. She said, “I’ll have finished my report by the evening”. She said she would have finished her report by the evening. She said, “By April 6th I’ll have been working there for half a year”. She said by April 6th she would have been working there for half a year. DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH

Time and Place Changesherethisthesenowtodayyesterdaya year agolast nighttonighttherethatthosethen / at the momentthat daythe day before the previous daya year beforethe previous nightthat night. CHANGING FROM DIRECT SPEECH INTO REPORTED SPEECH

Exercises

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