Посібник "Граматика в таблицях"
Кізлівська загальноосвітня школа І – ІІІ ступенів
імені Героя Радянського Союзу В.П.Лугового
Чорнухинської районної ради Полтавської області
English Grammar in Patterns
Кізлівка, 2018
Кізлівська загальноосвітня школа І – ІІІ ступенів
імені Героя Радянського Союзу В.П.Лугового
Чорнухинської районної ради Полтавської області
English Grammar in Patterns
Кізлівка, 2018
Расько Ганна Григорівна
Граматика англійської мови в таблицях
Посібник містить матеріал з граматики англійської мови, передбачений шкільною програмою. Рекомендується для вивчення і закріплення навчального матеріалу за допомогою зорової пам’яті. Посібник може бути використаний для роботи на уроці і учнями вдома як опорний конспект.
Для учнів загальноосвітніх шкіл, учителів та батьків.
Рекомендовано педагогічною радою
Кізлівської загальноосвітньої школи І – ІІІ ступенів
імені Героя Радянського Союзу В.П.Лугового
Чорнухинської районної ради Полтавської області
ПЕРЕДМОВА
Посібник підготовлений для учнів загальноосвітніх шкіл, учителів та батьків.
Тут висвітлюються граматичні явища сучасної англійської мови у вигляді таблиць, що дає змогу вивчати і закріплювати навчальний матеріал за допомогою зорової пам’яті.
У посібнику не пояснюються загальнограматичні терміни, не дається визначення частин мови, членів речення і т. п.
Personal Pronouns
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I We ←You → He She They It |
|
Possessive Pronouns
а) перед іменником
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
My Our ←Your → His Her Their Its |
|
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Mine Ours ←Yours → His Hers Theirs Its |
|
б) без іменника
Objective Pronouns
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Me Us ←You → Him Her Them It |
|
Demonstrative Pronouns
|
Singular |
Plural |
|
This That |
These Those
|
The Plural of Nouns
|
Singular |
Plural |
Pronunciation |
|
|
shop plant boy person school |
shops plants boys persons schools |
[s] [s] [z] [z] [z]
|
після глухого приголосного після голосного та дзвінкого приголосного |
Prepositions of Time
in in spring
in the morning
in the evening
in the afternoon
(but at night)
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am We are ←You are → He She}is They are It
|
|
on on Friday
on May 1st
at at 3, at half past 5
at noon, at night
at midnight
The Verb to have
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I have We have ←You have → He She}has They have It
|
|
Sentence Patterns with to be
Statement Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Adverbial Modifier of Place |
||
|
Be |
Article |
Noun, Name of Pronoun |
||
|
I That Pupils Tom and Sam |
am is are are |
a a |
pupil. book. |
at school. at home. |
Question Pattern:
|
Are Is Are |
you that pupils |
a a |
pupil? book? |
at school? |
Negative Pattern:
|
I That Pupils |
am not is not are not
|
a a |
pupil. book. |
at school.
|
Information Question Pattern:
|
What Who Who Where |
is are is is |
a |
this? they?
book? |
at school? |
Sentence Patterns with to have
Statement Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
|
|
I Nick They |
have has have |
pens relatives lessons |
in my bag. in Kyiv.
|
in the morning.
|
Question Pattern:
|
Predicate |
Subject |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
Have Has Have |
you Nick they |
pens relatives lessons |
in your bag? in Kyiv?
|
in the morning? |
Negative Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
|
|
I Nick They |
have no has no have no |
pens relatives. lessons |
in my bag.
|
in the morning.
|
Information Question Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
Who Who
|
has has
|
pens lessons |
in the bag?
|
in the morning? |
Sentence Patterns with there is, there are
Statement Pattern:
|
There |
Predicate |
Subject |
Adverbial Modifier of Place |
|
There There There |
is are is |
a map books light |
on the wall. in the bag. in the room. |
Question Pattern:
|
Predicate |
There |
Subject |
Adverbial Modifier of Place |
|
Is Are Are
|
there there there
|
a map books people |
on the wall? in the bag? in the room? |
Negative Pattern:
|
There |
Predicate |
Subject |
Adverbial Modifier of Place |
|
There There There There |
is no are not are not is not |
map books many people a book |
on the wall. in the bag. in the park. on the shelf. |
Information Question:
|
Interrogative Word |
Predicate |
There |
Adverbial Modifier of Place |
|
What How many pupils |
is are |
there there |
on the wall? in the form?
|
Compare the following patterns:
|
Sentence Patterns with to be |
Sentence Patterns with there is, there are |
|
The desk is in the classroom. The pens are in the table. |
There is a desk in the classroom. There are pens in the table. |
Forms of the Verb
- Infinitive: Vinf
- Past Infinitive: Ved
- Participle II: Ven
- Participle I: Ving
The Present Indefinite Tense
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I ask We ask ←You ask → He She} asks They ask It |
|
N+Vinf
N+Vs(es)
Statement Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
|
|
Tom She They I |
works speaks visit have |
English us books |
at the plant.
at home. |
every day. once a week. |
Question Pattern: Do/Does+N+Vinf.?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd
3rd |
Do I work? Do we work? ←Do you work?→ he Does { } work? Do they work? she |
|
Negative Pattern: N+do/does not Vinf.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd
3rd |
I do not work. We do not work. ← You do not work.→ He She} does not work. They do not work. It |
|
Sentence Patterns:
|
|
Subject
|
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
||||
|
|
Ann They |
speaks watch |
English. TV |
at home |
every day. |
Question Pattern:
|
Does Do |
Ann they |
speak watch |
English? TV |
at home |
every day? |
Negative Pattern:
|
|
Ann They |
does not speak English. do not watch TV |
every day. |
Information Question Pattern:
|
|
Who Who |
speaks watches |
English? TV |
at home |
every day? |
Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives
|
Positive Degree |
Comparative Degree |
Superlative Degree |
Односкладові прикметники і деякі дво-складові
Багатоскладові прикметники
Прикметники з суплетивними формами |
|
Adj. |
Adj.+er |
the + Adj.+est |
|
|
long simple big easy gay interesting beautiful
good bad much little |
longer simpler bigger easier gayer more interesting more beautiful
better worse more less |
longest simplest biggest easiest gayest most interesting most beautiful
the best the worst the most the least |
The Present Continuous Tense
Statement Pattern: N + am/is/are Ving.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am working We are working ←You are working → He She} is working They are working It |
|
Indefinite Pronouns some, any, no and their derivatives
|
Statement Pattern |
Question Pattern |
Negative Pattern |
|
Some He has some books.
Somebody There is somebody in the room.
Someone There is someone in the library.
Something
There is something on the table. |
Any Has he any books?
Anybody Is there anybody in the room?
Anyone Is there anyone in the library?
Anything
Is there anything on the table? |
No (not any) He has no books. He has not any books.
Nobody (not anybody) There is nobody in the room. There in not anybody in the room. No one (not anyone) There is no one in the library. There is not anyone in the library. Nothing (not anything) There is nothing on the table. There is not anything on the table. |
Question Pattern: am/is/are + N +Ving?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Am I working? Are we working? ← Are you working → he Is {she} working? Are they working? it |
|
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am not working We are not working ←You are not working → He She} is not working They are not working It |
|
Negative Pattern: N + am/is/are not Ving.
Sentence Patterns:
|
|
Subject
|
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
of Place
|
||||
|
|
The pupils Nick I |
are asking is working am reading |
questions.
books |
in the garden. in the library. |
Question Pattern:
|
Are Is Am |
the pupils Nick I |
asking working reading |
questions?
books |
in the garden? in the library? |
Negative Pattern:
|
The pupils Nick I |
are not asking is not working am not reading |
questions.
books |
in the garden. in the library. |
Information Question Pattern:
|
Who Who Who |
is asking is working is reading |
questions?
books |
in the garden? in the library? |
The Past Indefinite Tense
Statement Pattern: N + Ved.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I worked We worked ←You worked → He She} worked They worked It |
|
Question Pattern: Did +N +Vinf?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I did not work. We ←You did not work.→ He She} did not work. They did not work. It |
|
Negative Pattern: N + did not Vinf.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Did I work? Did we work? ← Did you work → he Did {she} work? Did they work? it |
|
The Future Indefinite Tense
Statement Pattern: N + shall/will Vinf.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall work. We shall work ←You will work.→ He She} will work They will work It |
|
Question Pattern: Shall/Will +N +Vinf?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Shall I work? Shall we work? ← Will you work → he Will {she} work? Will they work? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + shall/will not Vinf.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall not work. We shall not work. ←You will not work.→ He She} will not work. They will not work. It |
|
The Past Continuous Tense
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was working. We were working. ←You were working.→ He She} was working. They were working. It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + was/were Ving.
Question Pattern: Was/were +N +Ving?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Was I working? Were we working? ←Were you working→ he Was {she} working? Were they working? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + was/were not Ving.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was not working. We were not working. ←You were not working.→ He She} was not working. They were not working. It |
|
The Future Continuous Tense
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall be working. We shall be working. ←You will be working.→ He She} will be working They will be working It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + shall/will be Ving.
Question Pattern: Shall/Will +N + be Ving?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Shall I be working? Shall we be working? ← Will you be working?→ he Will {she} be working? Will they be working? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + shall/will not be Ving.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall not be working. We shall not be working. ←You will not be working.→ He She} will not be working. They will not be working. It |
|
The Participle I
|
to ask asking to give giving to study +ing studying to play playing to sit sitting |
The Participle II
|
to ask asked to create created to study +ed studied to play played |
Modal Verbs
Modal Verb can
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I can read. We can read. ←You can read. → He She} can read. They can read. It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + can V..
Question Pattern: Can +N +V?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Can I read? Can we read? ← Can you read?→ he Can {she} read? Can they read? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + can not V..
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I cannot read. We cannot read. ←You cannot read. → He She} cannot read. They cannot read. It |
|
Modal Verb must
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I must read. We must read. ←You must read. → He She} must read. They must read. It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + must V.
Question Pattern: Must +N +V?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Must I read? Must we read? ← Must you read?→ he Must {she} read? Must they read? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + must not V..
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I must not read. We must not read. ←You must not read. → He She} must not read. They must not read. It |
|
Modal Verb may
Statement Pattern: N + may V.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I may read. We may read. ←You may read. → He She} may read. They may read. It |
|
Question Pattern: May +N +V?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
May I read? May we read? ← May you read? → he May {she} read? May they read? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + may not V..
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I may not read. We may not read. ←You may not read. → He She} may not read. They may not read. It |
|
Sentence Pattern
Statement Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
||
|
Modal Verb |
Infi-nitive |
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
We You Pupils |
must may can |
do stand read |
morning exercises |
here. in the reading-hall |
every day
after the lessons. |
Question Pattern:
|
Modal Verb |
Subject |
Infi-nitive |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
Must May Can Need
|
we he you they |
read smoke speak go |
English books
English? |
here?
there |
every day?
so soon? |
Negative Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
||
|
Modal Verb + not |
Infi-nitive |
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
You They We I |
may not need not must not cannot |
smoke go do answer |
this work your question. |
here. there |
so soon. now. |
Modal Verbs can, may, must and Their Equivalents
|
Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents |
Present Indefinite Tense |
Past Indefinite Tense |
Future Indefinite Tense |
|
Can To be able to |
I can I am able to |
I could I was able to |
– I shall be able to |
|
May To be allowed to |
I may I am allowed to |
I might I was allowed to |
– I shall be allowed to |
|
Must To have to |
I must I have to |
– I had to |
– I shall have to
|
The Present Perfect Tense
Statement Pattern: N +have/has Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I have asked. We have asked. ←You have asked. → He She} has asked They have asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Have/Has +N +Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Have I asked? Have we asked? ← Have you asked? → he Has {she} asked? Have they asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + have not Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I have not asked. We have not asked. ←You have not asked. → He She} has not asked They have not asked. It |
|
Sentence Pattern
Statement Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
||
|
have |
Partic-iple II |
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
We You He |
have have has |
got been read |
good marks
this book |
to the library |
this term today. today. |
Question Pattern:
|
Have |
Subject |
Partic-iple II |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
|
|
|
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
Have Have Has |
we you he |
got been read |
good marks
this book |
to the library |
this term? today? today? |
Negative Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier |
||
|
have + not |
Partic-iple II |
of Place |
of Time |
||
|
We You He |
have not have not has not |
got been read |
good marks
this book |
to the library |
this term today. today. |
The Past Perfect Tense
Statement Pattern: N +had Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I had asked. We had asked. ←You had asked. → He She} had asked They had asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Had +N +Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Had I asked? Had we asked? ← Had you asked? → he Had {she} asked? Had they asked? it |
|
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I had not asked. We had not asked. ←You had not asked. → He She} had not asked They had not asked. It |
|
Negative Pattern: N + have not Ven.
Statement Pattern:
|
|
Ques- tion Word |
Auxi-liary |
Sub-ject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
Statement Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Information Question Pattern: |
What |
Had
had |
They
they
they |
had |
read
read
read
|
the text
the text |
before the bell rang.
before the bell rang?
before the bell rang?
|
The Future Perfect Tense
Statement Pattern: N + shall/will have Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall have asked. We shall have asked. ←You will have asked. → He She} will have asked They will have asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Shall/ Will +N + have Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Shall I have asked? Shall we have asked? ← Will you have asked? → he Will {she} have asked? Will they have asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + shall/will not have Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall not have asked. We shall not have asked. ←You will not have asked. → He She}will not have asked They will not have asked. It |
|
Sentence Pattern:
|
|
Ques- tion Word |
Auxi-liary |
Sub-ject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
Statement Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Information Question Pattern:
|
What |
Will
will |
They
they
Who
they |
will have
have
will have have
|
passed
passed
passed
passed
|
her exams
her exams
exams
|
by the 1st of July.
by the 1st of July?
by the 1st of July?
by the 1st of July? |
Indefinite Tense-Forms Passive Voice
Present Indefinite
Statement Pattern: N + am/are/is Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am asked. We are asked. ←You are asked. → He She} is asked They are asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Am/Are/Is +N + Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Am I asked? Are we asked? ← Are you asked? → he Is {she} asked? Are they asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + am/are/is not Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am not asked. We are not asked. ←You are not asked. → He She} is not asked They are not asked. It |
|
Past Indefinite
Statement Pattern: N + was/were Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was asked. We asked. ←You were asked. → He She} was asked They were asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Was/Were +N + Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Was I asked? Were we asked? ← Were you asked? → he Was {she} asked? Were they asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + was/were not Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was not asked. We were not asked. ←You were not asked. → He She} was not asked They were not asked. It |
|
Sentence Pattern:
|
|
Ques- tion Word |
Au-xi-liary |
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
State-ment Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Informati-on Question Pattern:
|
Who(m)
When |
Was
was
was
|
The article
the article
What
the article the article |
was
was
|
tran-slated
tran-slated
tran-slated tran-slated tran-slated? |
by me
by you
by you |
yesterday
yesterday?
yesterday?
yesterday?
|
Future Indefinite
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall be asked. We shall be asked. ←You will be asked. → He She} will be asked They will be asked. It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + shall be /will be Ven.
Question Pattern: Shall/ Will +N + be Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Shall I be asked? Shall we asked? ← Will you be asked? → he Will {she} be asked? Will they be asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + shall/will not be Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Ishall not be asked. We shall not be asked. ←You will not be asked. → He She} will not be asked They will not be asked. It |
|
Modal Verbs with the Infinitive Passive
|
This must be done to-day.
He can be given this book.
She should be helped in her study. |
Це повинно бути виконано сьогодні. Йому можуть дати цю книгу.
Їй треба (слід) допомогти в навчанні. |
The Indefinite Gerund
Sentence Pattern:
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Attribute |
Adverbial Modifier |
|
Swimming Our duty We
All people The machine They
He
She
|
is useful. is learning learned
like started working. usе
will visit
came in |
of his coming
reading.
new methods
you |
of teaching. |
well. two days ago.
after returning from Kyiv. without knocking at the door. |
Perfect Tense-Forms Passive Voice
Present Perfect
Statement Pattern: N + have/has been Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I have been asked. We have been asked. ←You have been asked. → He She} has been asked They have been asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Have/Has +N + been Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Have I been asked? Have we been asked? ← Have you been asked? → he Has {she} been asked? Have they been asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + have/has not been Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I have not been asked. We have not been asked. ←You have not been asked. → He She} has not been asked. They have not been asked. It |
|
Past Perfect
Statement Pattern: N + had been Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I had been asked. We had been asked. ←You had been asked. → He She} had been asked They had been asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Had +N + been Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Had I been asked? Had we been asked? ← Had you been asked? → he Had {she} been asked? Had they been asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + had not been Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I had not been asked. We had not been asked. ←You had not been asked. → He She} had not been asked. They had not been asked. It |
|
Sentence Pattern:
|
|
Que-stion Word |
Auxi-liary |
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
Statement Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Information Question Pattern: |
When |
Had
had |
The problem
the problem
the problem
|
had been
been
been
|
discus-sed
discus-sed
discus-sed
|
by the pupils
by the pupils
by the pupils? |
before he came.
before he came? |
Future Perfect
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall have been asked. We shall have been asked. ←You will have been asked. → He She} will have been asked. They will have been asked. It |
|
Statement Pattern: N + shall /will have been Ven.
Question Pattern: Shall/ Will +N + have been Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Shall I have been asked? Shall we have been asked? ← Will you have been asked? → he Will {she} have been asked? Will they have been asked? it |
|
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I shall not have been asked. We shall not have been asked. ←You will not have been asked. → He She} will not have been asked They will not have been asked. It |
|
Negative Pattern: N + shall/will not have been Ven.
Sentence Pattern:
|
|
Que-stion Word |
Auxi-liary |
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
Statement Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Information Question Pattern: |
When |
Will
will |
The test
the test
the test
|
will have been have been
have been
|
written
written
written
|
by the pupils
by the pupils
by the pupils?
|
before the bell rings before the bell rings?
|
Continuous Tense-Forms Passive Voice
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am being asked. We are being asked. ←You are being asked. → He She} is being asked They are being asked. It |
|
Present Continuous Statement Pattern: N + am/is/are being Ven.
Question Pattern: Am/Is/Are +N + being Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Am I being asked? Are we being asked? ← Are you being asked? → he Is {she} being asked? Are they being asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + am/is/are not being Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I am not being asked. We are not being asked. ←You are not being asked. → He She} is not being asked. They are not being asked. It |
|
Past Continuous
Statement Pattern: N + was/were being Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was being asked. We were being asked. ←You were being asked. → He She} was being asked They were being asked. It |
|
Question Pattern: Were/Was +N + being Ven?
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
Was I being asked? Were we being asked? ← Were you being asked? → he Was{she} being asked? Were they being asked? it |
|
Negative Pattern: N + was/were not being Ven.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I was not being asked. We were not being asked. ←You were not being asked. → He She}was not being asked. They were not being asked. It |
|
Sentence Pattern:
|
|
Que-stion Word |
Auxi-liary |
Subject |
Predicate |
Object |
Adverbial Modifier of Time |
|
|
Auxi-liary |
Parti-ciple II |
||||||
|
Statement Pattern:
Simple Question Pattern:
Information Question Pattern: |
Whom |
Are
are |
We
you
you
|
are being
being
being
|
helped
helped
helped
|
by the teacher
by the teacher
|
now.
now?
now?
|
The Sequence of Tenses
|
She says |
(that) |
she works. she worked. she will work. |
|
She said |
(that) |
she worked. She had worked. She would work.
|
|
He wrote
She said We knew I heard I know We were sure |
(that) |
he taught mathematics at school. he was very much pleased with his work. she had made an interesting report. they were working at the library. she could speak English well. they lived in our street. she would pass her examinations well. |
The Infinitive
|
Infinitive |
Active |
Passive |
|
Indefinite (неозначений) Continuous (тривалий) Perfect (перфектний) Perfect Continuous (перфектно-тривалий) |
to ask to be asking to have asked to have been writing |
to be asked
to have been asked |
The Objective Infinitive Construction
|
Subject |
Predicate |
Complex Object |
|
|
Noun or Pronoun |
Infinitive |
||
|
The teacher
We |
wants
know |
the pupils
him |
to learn the new words. to be a good doctor. |
The Subjunctive Mood
Subjunctive I
Present Subjunctive I
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I be (ask) We be (ask) ←You be (ask)→ He She} be (ask) They be (ask) It |
|
Past Subjunctive I
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I were (asked) We were (asked) ←You were (asked) → He She} were (asked) They were (asked) It |
|
Perfect Subjunctive I
Subjunctive II
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I had been (had asked) We had been (had asked) ←You had been (had asked) → He She}had been(had asked) They had been (had asked) It |
|
Present Subjunctive II (should + Infinitive)
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I should ask We should ask ←You should ask → He She} should ask They should ask It |
|
Perfect Subjunctive II (should + Perfect Infinitive)
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I should have asked We should have asked ←You should have asked → He She} should have asked They should have asked It |
|
The Conditional Mood
Present Conditional:
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I should ask We should ask ←You would ask→ He She} would ask They would ask It |
|
Past Conditional:
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
1st 2nd 3rd |
I should have asked We should have asked ←You would have asked → He She} would have asked They would have asked It |
|
Conditional Sentences
|
If I get this book, I’ll read it. If they promise, they will keep the word.
If I had time, I should help you, but I am very busy.
If she had got a dictionary yesterday, she would have translated this text. |
Якщо дістану цю книгу, я прочитаю її.
Якщо вони пообіцяли, вони дотримають свого слова. (І тип умовних речень – речення, в яких висловлюється реальна умова виконання дії в теперішньому, минулому і майбутньому часах)
Якби у мене був час, я б допоміг вам, але я дуже зайнятий. (ІІ тип умовних речень – речення, в яких висловлюється напівреальна умова виконання дії, що відноситься до теперішнього, або майбутнього часу)
Якби вона вчора дістала словник, вона б переклала цей текст. (ІІІ тип умовних речень – речення, в яких висловлюється нереальна умова виконання дії, що відноситься до минулого часу) |
Form oа the Participles
|
Форма дієприкметників
|
Неперехідні дієслова |
Перехідні дієслова |
|
|
Active Voice |
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|
|
Present Participle (дієприкметник теперішнього часу) Past Participle (дієприкметник минулого часу Perfect Participle (перфектний дієприкметник) |
going
gone
having gone |
asking
-
having asked |
being asked
asked
having been asked |
Present and Perfect Participle
|
Present Participle:
Perfect Participle: |
Reading the text he found several unknown words.
Having read the book he brought it to the library. |
Читаючи текст, він натрапив на кілька незнайомих йому слів. Прочитавши книгу, він відніс її до бібліотеки. |
Form of the Gerund
|
|
Неперехідні дієслова |
Перехідні дієслова |
|
|
Active Voice |
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
|
|
Indefinite (неозначений) Gerund
Perfect (перфектний) Gerund
|
coming
having come
|
asking
having asked |
being asked
having been asked |
Indefinite and Perfect Gerund
|
Indefinite Gerund
Perfect Gerund
|
She is glad of passing her examinations well. She is glad of having passed her examinations well. |
Вона рада, що добре складає екзамени. Вона рада, що добре склала екзамени. |
The Subjunctive Infinitive Construction
|
Popov
The girl
He |
is known
is said
was heard |
to invent the radio. to master French.
play the piano. |
Відомо, що Попов винайшов радіо. Говорять, що дівчина володіє французькою мовою. Чули, як він грає на роялі. |
Absolute Participle Construction
|
Absolute Participial Construction |
The Principal Clause |
|||
|
Noun or Pronoun |
Participle I or Participle II |
Subject |
Predicate |
Secondary Parts of the Sentence |
|
The article
It
The work
|
being interesting
being cold
done |
we
the travelers
they |
read
made
left |
it with pleasure.
a fire.
the building. |
|
The weather being fine, we shall our free time outdoors.
The rain having stopped, they went for a walk. The lecture over, the teacher answered questions (the lecture being over). |
Якщо погода буде хороша, ми весь наш вільний час проведемо на свіжому повітрі. Коли дощ ущух, вони пішли прогулятися. Коли лекція закінчилася, викладач відповів на запитання. |
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