Презентація "The Noun. Singular and Plural"

The Noun. Singular and Plural

But:radio-radiospiano-pianosphoto-photosrhino-rhinoshippo-hipposvideo-videoskilo-kilosauto-autossolo-soloszoo-zoosmemo-memossoprano-sopranos

But:chiefsroofssafescliffsbeliefsgiraffesmuffsscarf(ves)wharfs(ves)dwarfs(ves)hoofs(ves)

Irregular Plurals:a man-mena woman-womena child-childrena foot-feeta tooth-teetha goose-geesea mouse-micea louse-licean ox-oxen

Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms:a fish-fisha deer-deera sheep-sheepa trout-trouta swine-swinean aircraft-aircrafta means-meansa series-seriesa species-species

Some words which come from foreign languages have special plurals: Stimulus-stimuli. Oasis-oases Memorandum-memoranda. Parenthesis-parentheses. Thesis-theses. Formula-formulae/Formulas. Appendix-appendices/ appendixes. Vertebra-vertebrae. Index-indices/indexes. Radius-radii. Analysis-analyses. Appendix-appendices/appendixes. Bacterium-bacteria. Basis-bases. Cactus-cacti/cactuses. Crisis-crises. Criterion-criteria. Diagnosis-diagnoses. Formula-formulae/formulas. Fungus-fungi/funguses. Hypothesis-hypothesessyllabussyllabi/syllabuses. Medium-media/mediums. Phenomenon-phenomena. Сurriculum-curricula

Noun+preposition+noun, we add –s to the first noun:a mother-in-law- mothers-in-law

If the first word is man or woman:a woman-doctor- women-doctors

Noun+adverb, –s is added to the first word:passer-by-passers-by

If there is no noun-stem in the compound, –s is added to the last element: Forget-me-not-forget-me-nots

Uncountable nouns (are used in singular): Food: bread, butter, cheese, meat, salt, sugar, pepper, bacon, chocolate, honey, jam, etc. Fluids: water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, wine, lemonade. Materials, liquids, gases: gold, iron, silver, glass, paper, wood, cotton, wool, ice, gasoline, blood, steam, air, oxygen, nitrogen, smoke, smog, pollution, etc. Particles: chalk, dirt, dust, flour, grass, hair, sand, rice, wheat, corn, etc. Abstract nouns: beauty, confidence, courage, education, fun, happiness, health, help, honesty, hospitality,importance, intelligence, knowledge, luck, music, patience, peace, progress, politics, recreation, significance, sleep, truth, wealth, advice, slang, information, news, evidence, space, energy, grammar, behaviour, work, chaos etc. Fields of study: chemistry, history, literature, mathematics, psychology, economics, physics, engineering, etc. Recreation: baseball, soccer, tennis, chess, bridge, poker, athletics, travel, billiards etc. General activities: driving, studying, swimming, travelling, walking, etc. Natural phenomena: weather, heat, humidity, lightning, rain, dew, fog, hail, snow, thunder, wind, darkness, light, sunshine, electricity, fire, etc. Others: clothing, equipment, furniture, garbage, jewellery, luggage, baggage, machinery, mail, money/cash/change, scenery, traffic, etc.

Uncountable nouns (are used in singular):

Uncountable nouns (are used in singular): Перед необчислюваними іменниками можна вживати слова числовосполучення, що вказують на кількість речовини: a bottle/ jar/ cup/jug/ glass/ can/ tin/ loaf/ piece/ bar/ kilo/ packet, etc. Наприклад: two bottles of champagne, a glass of water, a cup of coffee, aquart of milk, a loaf of bread, a spoonful of fat, a grain of rice, a bowl of soup,a bag of flour, a piece of furniture, a piece of paper, a piece of jewellery.

Always are used in plural: arms trousers jeans shorts shoes gloves pajamas tights earrings scissors pliers contents proceeds people cattle ashes barracks clothes congratulations outskirts police riches stairs surroundings wages goods

Can be used as countable or uncountable: Glass (скло) - a glass (склянка) Hair (волосся) - a hair(волосина) Iron (залізо) - an iron (праска) Experience (досвід) – an experience (подія) Work (робота) - a work (витвір) Paper (папір) - a paper (газета)

Collective nouns can be both singular and plural : Army Audience Class Committee Company Crew Crowd Government Group Faculty Family

Collective nouns can be both singular and plural :

Word TEAM: Is singular when it is regarded as one unit: Our team is winning. Is plural when we mean each member of this unit individually: The team are going back to their homes.

Nouns that are always plural in Ukrainian but are singular and plural in English: a gate-gates - ворота a vacation-vacations - канікули a watch/clock-watches/clocks - годинник

Exercise 11. The … are playing in the yard. (child)2. The … were very interesting. (story)3. We came up to … who were working in the garden. (woman)4. The … are in the yard. (goose)5. My … are aching. (tooth)6. We can see … in the field. (ox)Exercise 2 Man, woman, child, mouse, tooth, foot, goose, fish, swine, deer, ox, sheep, shelf, wife, wolf, loaf, roof, child, zero, mouse, species, industry, belief, leaf.

Exercise 3 Lady, family, monkey, city, baby. Exercise 4 Piano, negro, potato, photo, kilo. Exercise 5 Species, branches, series, means. Exercise 6 Fungi, organisms, tissues, species, animals, fish, land, life, bodies, deer, mice,monkey, milk, supply, sheep, oxen, sources, bacteria, data, analysis, nucleus,phenomena, stimulus, crisis.

Exercise 7 A: Hello Bob! Where did you spend your weekend?B: I went to the zoo with my children yesterday. It is really one of the biggest______ (zoo) in Europe. A: Which ______ (animal) did you see?B: First, we saw a big ______ lion, two ______ (lioness) and some ______(lion-cub). Then we saw two ______ (giraffe), three ______ (rhino) and an______(elephant). A: Is that all?B: No, we also saw three ______ (camel), a lot of ______ (deer) and ______(zebra). A: Did you go to the monkey house?B: Yes, of course. We enjoyed watching these funny ______ (animal). There were a lot of ______ (monkey) there. A: You had a lovely day, don’t you think so?B: I suggest that we go to the zoo together next week. A: I am all for it.

Exercise 8 (countable, uncountable)Advice ______ suitcase ______plate ______ behaviour ______money ______ honey ______safe ______ weather ______accommodation ______ scenery ______deer ______ child ______car ______ friend ______furniture ______ oxygen ______piece ______ exercise ______can ______ coffee ______

Exercise 91. some biscuits – four packets of biscuits2. some bread – three ______3. some coffee – two ______4. some soup – two ______5. some pie – four ______6. some meat – three ______7. some sugar – two ______8. some juice – three ______9. some champagne – two ______10. some flour – four ______

Exercise 101. Some people never do/does any exercise.2. Physics was/were my best subject at school.3. There is/are a pair of socks under the bed.4. Fortunately the news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we had expected.5. His new clothes was/were very expensive.6. Tree days isn’t/aren’t long enough for a good holiday.7. I can’t find the stairs in this building. Where is/are they?8. Does/Do the police know about the stolen money?9. The police is/are looking for the criminal.10. I’m going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk.11. Your hair need/needs cutting.12. There was/were a lot of people at the cinema last night.13. My shorts is/are made of silk.14. These earrings was/were given to me by my grandmother.

Exercise 111. This farm keeps many ______ . A sheep B sheeps C sheepes2. A long time ago in the past people used ______ in agriculture. A oxen B oxes3. I like ____________ and vegetables. A fruit B fruits4. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine ______ not sharp enough. A is B are5. This news ______ interesting. A was B were6. My shorts ______ made of silk. A is B are7. There ______ a lot of people at the party. A was B were8. Your trousers ______ in the wardrobe. A is B are

9. Money ______ not everything. A is B are10. Two thousand pounds ______ stolen in the robbery. A were B was11. Cattle ______ mainly raised in the North of this country. A is B are12. Physics ______ my best subject at school. A were B was13. His new clothes ______ very expensive. A were B was14. In 2000, about 109.2 million acres ____ planted with transgenic crops. A was B were15. Most of the agricultural businesses ______ specialized in growing grain andtechnical crops. A is B are16 I think it’s a pity Ann had her ______ cut short because she looked much

more attractive before. A hairs B hair17. The flat is empty. We haven’t got any ______ yet. A furniture B furnitures18. The police ______ to interview Fred about the accident. A wants B want19. As an old friend, may I give you ______ ? I don’t want ______ or help. A an advice B advice20. Our team _____ playing well. A is B are21. There ______ a pair of socks under the bed. A is B are