МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ПО ПІДГОТОВЦІ ДО СЕМІНАРСЬКИХ ЗАНЯТЬ З ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ

Про матеріал

Семінарські заняття – це невід’ємний елемент успішного засвоєння дисципліни. За результатами, які отримані у ході виконання завдань, можна судити про рівень знань студентів на певний період. Тому контроль виконання завдань повинен бути багатоцільовим, багатостороннім та повинен використовувати такі принципи: планомірність, систематичність, комплексність, індивідуальність. Проведення контролю передбачає знання фонетики, лексики, граматики, фразеології, техніки вмінь перекладу. Завдання до семінарських занять передбачають можливість творчого пошуку в набутті нових знань, у розв’язанні питань проблемного характеру, формування навичок класифікувати та узагальнювати матеріал, робити висновки. В основі завдань лежить взаємодія інноваційних моделей освітнього процесу з установкою на творчу, дослідницьку позицію студентів, на активний, ініціативний і творчий характер її взаємодії з пізнавальною реальністю сучасних процесів. Використання міжпредметних зв’язків дозволяє формувати не тільки пізнавальні, а і професійні знання, вміння та навички, виконувати активну життєву позицію майбутнього спеціаліста. Завдання до семінарських занять складені згідно з темами навчальної та робочої програм, передбачають контроль за повнотою та міцністю теоретичних і практичних знань з іноземної мови, формування вмінь використовувати отримані знання з граматики на практиці.

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Лисичанський промислово-технологічний фаховий коледж

Циклова комісія соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін

ОК 5 ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА (за професійним спрямуванням)

МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ПО ПІДГОТОВЦІ

ДО СЕМІНАРСЬКИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

для студентів денної форми навчання

Галузь знань 13 «Механічна інженерія»

Спеціальність 133 «Галузеве машинобудування»

Освітньо-професійна програма «Обслуговування та ремонт обладнання

підприємств хімічної та нафтогазопереробної промисловості»

Лисичанськ – 2023

ОК 5 ІНОЗЕМНА МОВА (за професійним спрямуванням). Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінарських занять для здобувачів фахової передвищої освіти галузі знань 07 «Управління та адміністрування» спеціальності 073 «Менеджмент» за освітньою-професійною програмою «Організація виробництва»

Розробник : Скиба Н.М., старший викладач, спеціаліст вищої категорії

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінарських занять розглянуто на засіданні циклової комісії соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін

Протокол від ________ 2023 року № 1

Голова циклової комісії

соціально-гуманітарних дисциплін ___________

ЗМІСТ

Вступ 4

1. Загальні методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінарських занять 5

2. Рекомендована література 7

3. Теми семінарських занять 8

4. Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінарських занять 9

5. Висновки 48

Література 49

ВСТУП

Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням) як навчальна дисципліна посідає важливе місце у системі суспільної освіти нашої країни. У сучасному суспільстві , якому притаманний активний розвиток міждержавних зв’язків у галузі культури, науки, техніки, медицині, виробництва, володіння іноземною мовою стає ознакою освіченою людини і є обов’язковим компонентом підготовки висококваліфікованого фахівця. Володіння іноземною мовою відкриває доступ до культурних і наукових цінностей інших народів, сприяє встановленню ділових зв’язків з іншими країнами, полегшує відносини між різними людьми всього світу.

Метою викладання навчальної дисципліни Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням) є формування необхідної комунікативної спроможності в сферах професійного та ситуативного спілкування в усній і письмовій формах, навичок практичного володіння іноземною мовою в різних видах мовленнєвої діяльності в обсязі тематики, що обумовлена професійними потребами; оволодіння новітньою фаховою інформацією через іноземні джерела.

Завдання до семінарських занять передбачають можливість творчого пошуку в набутті нових знань, у розв’язанні питань проблемного характеру, формування навичок класифікувати та узагальнювати матеріал, робити висновки. В основі завдань лежить взаємодія інноваційних моделей освітнього процесу з установкою на творчу, дослідницьку позицію студентів, на активний, ініціативний і творчий характер її взаємодії з пізнавальною реальністю сучасних процесів. Використання міжпредметних зв’язків дозволяє формувати не тільки пізнавальні, а і професійні знання, вміння та навички, виконувати активну життєву позицію майбутнього спеціаліста. Завдання до семінарських занять складені згідно з темами навчальної та робочої програм, передбачають контроль за повнотою та міцністю теоретичних і практичних знань з іноземної мови, формування вмінь використовувати отримані знання з граматики на практиці.

В курсі Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням)для для здобувачів фахової передвищої освіти галузі знань 07 «Управління та адміністрування» спеціальності 073 «Менеджмент» за освітньою-професійною програмою «Організація виробництва» передбачено десять семінарських занять. З метою якісної підготовки студентів до цих занять і розроблено методичні вказівки.

1 ЗАГАЛЬНІ МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ПО ПІДГОТОВЦІ ДО СЕМІНАРСЬКИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

Загальна мета викладання дисципліни Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням) полягає у вивченні студентами основ знань професійно-орієнтованої англійської мови за тематикою. Завдання до семінарських завдань передбачають перевірку рівня оволодіння теоретичною базою та практичними навичками спілкування англійською мовою на професійній основі, вивчення граматичних конструкцій, лексичних виразів та зворотів, необхідних для спілкування, ознайомлення з основами ділового спілкування та листування. У результаті виконання завдань студент повинен знати лексичний мінімум за темами наукового та професійного циклів, основні морфологічні, синтаксичні, пунктуаційні, орфографічні правила,фонетичні правила читання, вимови, основні правила і прийоми словотворення.

Кожне семінарське заняття складається з 3 частин: читання, використання мови, письмо, містять вправи на опрацювання лексичного мінімуму, граматики. Основним завданням під час виконання практичних занять є набуття студентами навичок читання, говоріння, слухання, письма.

У частині «Читання» використовуються різні тексти за професійним спрямуванням, усі вони є аутентичними, тобто такими, що були написані носіями та використовувалися в інформаційному полі, у межах даної спеціальності. Частина «Читання» містить тестові завдання закритого типу таких форм:

- завдання на встановлення відповідності;

- завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді; завдання на заповнення пропусків.

Частина «Використання мови» містить різноманітні завдання закритого типу такої форми, як завдання на заповнення пропусків, які сформовані для перевірки лексико – граматичних навичок та засвоєння системних знань про мову. Мета контролю цього виду мовленнєвої діяльності – перевірити вміння розрізняти значення окремих лексичних одиниць, лексику за профспрямуванням, правильно використовувати граматичні форми частин мови та частини мови відповідно до контексту.

Частина «Письмо» передбачає створення власного висловлення в письмовій формі відповідно до запропонованих ситуацій. У цій частині завдань перевіряється рівень сформованості в у студентів навичок і вмінь, необхідних для вирішення у письмовій формі завдань,пов’язаних із спеціальністю. Завдання з вибором однієї правильної відповіді. До кожного завдання подано чотири варіанта відповіді, з яких лише один правильний. Завдання вважається виконаним, якщо студент вибрав і позначив правильну відповідь у бланк відповідей.

Як виконувати завдання до семінарських занять:

1. Уважно прочитайте запитання (або твердження, що потрібно закінчити) й варіанти відповідей до них, а потім прогляньте текст.

2. Запитання (або твердження, що потрібно закінчити) до тексту в завданнях з вибором однієї правильної відповіді розміщені в тому ж порядку, що й інформація в тексті. Тому спочатку визначте, якої частини тексту стосується кожне запитання (твердження).

3. Поверніться до початку тексту та, уважно перечитуючи кожну визначену відповідно до запитань частину, підкресліть речення (вислови), що містять правильну відповідь.

4. Намагайтеся зрозуміти зміст прочитаного, а не шукати в тексті ті самі слова (фрази), що й у запитаннях або у твердженнях, що потрібно закінчити. Зазвичай при формулюванні запитань використовуються синоніми, схожі фрази або перефразовані вирази.

5. Позначте правильну відповідь серед запропонованих варіантів, виключивши неправильні. Якщо вам необхідно встановити відповідність між запитаннями та відповідями, намагайтеся знайти частину тексту, у якій міститься відповідь на конкретне окреме запитання.

6. У завданнях на заповнення пропусків у тексті пропонується доповнити абзаци речення в тексті реченнями частинами речень, словосполученнями словами із поданих варіантів. Завдання цієї форми передбачають вміння правильно використовувати лексичні одиниці, розрізняти значення окремих лексичних одиниць та уміння правильно використовувати відповідні граматичні форми (часові форми дієслова, модальні, допоміжні дієслова, та дієслова – зв’язки, іменники, прикметники тощо). Завдання вважається виконаним, якщо абітурієнт обрав і позначив правильний варіант відповіді у бланку відповідей.

7. У завданнях з граматичного матеріалу уважно прочитайте слова (словосполучення), які потрібно вставити в текст замість пропусків, намагаючись зрозуміти їх. Перш ніж обрати правильну відповідь, проаналізуйте граматичні форми, що передують пропуску або розташовані одразу за ним. Не забувайте, що вибрані вами форми слова (словосполучення) повинні підходити за граматичною структурою до речення, у яке ви їх вставляєте. Виконуючи завдання, уважно читайте умову та ознайомлюйтесь із зразком виконання завдання даної форми. Перечитуйте всі подані варіанти відповіді і лише тоді обирайте остаточний варіант. Під час виконання завдань ви можете використовувати вільні місця в тексті, з яким ви працюєте, або вільні від тексту місця в зошиті.

8. Завдання з розгорнутою відповіддю передбачають створення власного висловлення у письмовій формі. Під час виконання завдання на створення власного висловлення у письмовій форм і зверніть увагу на змістове наповнення, логічний зв’язок між частинами висловлення, правильність використання лексики та граматики, а також оформлення повідомлення відповідно до формату (особистий лист, діловий лист тощо).

9. Завершивши роботу над завданнями у тестовому зошиті, позначте хрестиками обрані вами варіанти відповідей у бланку відповідей. Виконуючи завдання на створення власного висловлення у письмовій формі, зверніть увагу на змістове наповнення, логічний зв’язок між частинами висловлення, правильність використання лексики та граматики, а також оформлення повідомлення відповідно до формату.

10. Пам’ятайте про те, що час, відведений на виконання завдань, ви розподіляєте самостійно. Тому спочатку виконайте завдання, які не викликають у вас сумнівів, а потім перейдіть до складніших.

2 РЕКОМЕНДОВАНА ЛІТЕРАТУРА

Обов’язкова література

Програма з англійської мови для професійного спілкування / [Г.Є. Бакаєва, О.А. Борисенко, І.І. Зуєнок, В.О. Іваніщева, Л.Й. Клименко, Т.І. Кози мирська, С.І. Кострицька, Т.І. Скрипник, Н.Ю. Тодорова, А.О. Ходцева]. – К.: Ленвіт, 2015. – 119 с.
Зеленська О.П. English for Law and Law Enforcement Students. Підручник з англійської мови для курсантів спеціальності «Правоохоронна діяльність» і студентів спеціальності «Правознавство». – Київ: Вид-во Європ. ун-ту, 2014. Частина І. – 477 с.
Brown G.D. Professional English in Use Law: Upper-intermediate to Advanced / Gillian D. Brown, Sally Rice. - Cambridge University Press, 2017. - 128 p.
Wyatt R. Check your English vocabulary for law/ Rawdon Wyatt. – London: A & C Black Publishers LTD, 2016. – 77p.

Додаткова література

Борисенко І.І., Євтушенко Л.І., Дейнеко В.В. Англійська мова в міжнародних документах і дипломатичній кореспонденції: Навчальний посібник. 2-е вид. – К.: «Логос», 2018. – 416 с.
Каушанская В.Л. Граматика английского языка. Пособие для студентов педагогических институтов / Каушанская В.Л., Ковнер Р.Л., Кожевникова О.Н. и др. – М.: Айрисс-пресс, 2014. – 384с.
Мансі Є. О. English: Фонетика, граматика, тексти, діалоги, розмовні теми: Підруч. для студ. немов. ф-тів вищ. навч. закл. / Є. О. Мансі. - К. : Вид. центр "Акад.", 2004. - 367 с. - (Альма-матер). - англ.
Ashley, A. Oxford Handbook of Commercial Correspondence / A. Ashley. – Oxford University Press, 2013. – 304 p.
English for legal professionals / Andrew Frost. – OUP, 2015.-96p.
International Legal English: a course for classroom or self-study use/ Amy Krois-Lindner. – Cambridge University Press, 2017. – 317 p.
Introduction to international legal English: a course for classroom or self-study use/ Amy Krois-Lindner, Matt Firth. – Cambridge University Press, 2014. – 155 p.

Словники

1. Балла М.І. Англо-український словник у 2 томах. / English-Ukrainian Dictionary (2 volumes) – К.: Освіта, 2016. Том I - 752 с., Том II - 712 с.

2. Балла М.І., Попов Є.Ф. Великий українсько-англійський словник – К.: Чумацький Шлях, 2006. –704 с.

3. Балла М.І. Новий англо-український словник – К.: Чумацький Шлях, 2018. – 668 с.

Медведєва Л.М., Медведєва Н.Ю. Англо-українсько-російський словник усталених виразів. – Київ-Тернопіль: Укр. Енциклопедія імені Н.П.Бажана; Ной, 2015. – 493 с.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. – New ed. – Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Ltd, 2013. – 1950 p.

Інформаційні ресурси

http://www.britishcouncil.org
http://www.cambridgeeesol.org
http://www.english-test.net
http://esl.com/od/english vocabulary/phrasalverbs.htm
http://www.oup.com
http://www.toefl.org
Cambridge Dictionaries Online [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу до словника: http://dictionary.cambridge.org
Merriam-Webster’s Online Dictionary, 10th Edition [Електронний ресурс]. – Режим доступу до словника: http://www.m-w.com

3 ТЕМИ СЕМІНАРСЬКИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

№ з/п	Назва теми
1	Моя майбутня спеціальність і англійська мова
2	Неозначений час в активному та пасивному стані
3	Тривалий час в активному та пасивному стані
4	Доконаний час в активному та пасивному стані
5	Лексичні, стилістичні, фонетичні особливості перекладу
6	Економіка як наука. Бізнес
7	Ділові контакти
8	Банківська система
9	Трудові відносини на підприємстві
10	Бізнес структура підприємства
11	Бізнес контракти
12	Торгівля
13	Маркетинг та збут продукції
14	Маркетинг микс
15	Маркетинг
16	Фінансові установи
17	Фінансова діяльність
18	Грошовий ринок
19	Ринки цінних паперів
20	Ринки та процентні ставки

4 МЕТОДИЧНІ РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ПО ПІДГОТОВЦІ ДО СЕМІНАРСЬКИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

СЕМІНАР № 1

ТЕМА: МОЯ МАЙБУТНЯ СПЕЦІАЛЬНІСТЬ І АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА

Мета: активізувати знання з теоретичної бази та практичні навички спілкування англійською мовою на професійній основі, розвинути аудіо-фонетичні навички, навчити студентів бути активними творцями освітнього процесу, систематизувати інформацію, закріпити за допомогою тренувальних вправ лексику з теми, граматику, прищепити інтерес до культури країни, мова якої вивчається.

1. Read and translate the text

Sooner or later all of us face the problem of choosing a career when we are to decide what we are going to be in future. Choosing a career is not a simple matter — in fact, it can be one of the most important in our life. You don't need to hurry making a decision. You should examine thoroughly your abilities and character, take a realistic view of your strengths and weaknesses, pay attention to your parents' and friends' advice and take into account your own preferences. The last point in the list is particularly important because there are many examples when people make great mistakes choosing their future profession. Sometimes they either simply follow in the footsteps of their parents or relatives or just blindly follow their advice. Your choice should be mostly based on your own opinion. Family traditions are good, but your turn of mind may be quite different. So, never base only on other people's opinion.

Having thought carefully about what sort of person you are, try to work out a list of your occupation requirements.

Nowadays there is a great variety of jobs to any taste. Choosing a future career, we should consider the following things.

• Pay. Is the size of your salary important? Generally speaking, it is important. Of course there may be various situations, but if you are going to be independent, successful and wealthy, you have to find a well-paid job. Moreover, if you are going to have a family, you should be ready to support it, to be a breadwinner. Naturally, you'd like to live in good conditions, and your children to study at good schools, and then to enter prestigious universities, to travel all around the world and so on. Now you understand why you should take money into consideration when choosing a job.

• Further training, promotion prospects and job conditions should also be kept in mind. Just after graduating it is very difficult to find a plum job which will respond to all your preferences. It is usually a monotonous, tedious clerical job, but if you are a capable and hard-working person, you will certainly be offered an opportunity to climb the ladder.

• Place of work. You ought to decide whether you want to work indoors (cashier, chemist, librarian, secretary, etc.) or outdoors (driver, firefighter, estate agent, etc.). Your choice may be based on your lifestyle or health condition.

• Full-time, part-time, flexitime jobs. There is no set pattern to part-time working. It may involve a later start and earlier finish time than a full-time position, working mornings or afternoons only, fewer working days in a week for less salary. It is a perfect variant for students who want to juggle their studies and work, as well as flexitime jobs. Employees decide by themselves when to begin and end their working day.

• Communication with different people. Meeting and dealing with people doesn't appeal to every person. Some people are not very sociable; on the contrary, they are timid, shy and diffident. Frankly speaking, it is a great talent to have communication skills. If you think you have it, you may choose a profession involving close contacts with people, such as a doctor, a journalist, a lawyer, a guide, a teacher.

• Business trips. You should keep in mind that some professions imply travelling all over the world, such as tour guides, scientists, actors, journalists, pilots and so on. It's not always fun. Business trips may last a week, a month and even more. You may be sent to London for a few days, then you'll spend only a few hours in Paris, and right after that, without any rest, you'll have to go to Berlin. Sometimes it turns out that you don't have even an hour for yourself just to relax and see the town you've come to. Such trips may be very exhausting and stressful. However, if you are young, ambitious and full of energy, you will be able not only to do your job successfully but also see the world.

• Aspiration for creative work. If you are a creative person, it's a must for you to find such job. It can be a job of an artist, a tailor, a designer or a stylist.

• Jobs connected with risk. Such jobs are usually well-paid, but very dangerous. A police officer, a fireman, a bodyguard, a lifeguard — these are the names of jobs which imply risk. Those, who want a rewarding but demanding job and who are ready to devote all their lives to it, may choose this kind of work.

Analyzing all these points will help you not to make a wrong choice.

In case you are an aspiring, responsible, creative, optimistic, reliable person, who is ready to learn and be laborious, who is not afraid of any difficulties of the future and ready to solve any problem with a smile, the world of jobs and careers will be open to you.

Choosing a career should not only be a matter of future prestige and wealth. Work should bring real satisfaction; otherwise your whole life will become dull and monotonous.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. Have you already thought about your future career? What makes the profession chosen so attractive for you?
2. Do your parents give you a piece of advice about your future profession?
3. What are your parents?
4. Have you got any traditions in your family? (connected with jobs)
5. Try to take a realistic view of your strengths and weaknesses. Which of your qualities are worth improving?
6. What part-time jobs can students do nowadays?
7 What occupations are popular nowadays in your country? Why?
8. Imagine that you are a successful businessman (businesswoman). Describe your life: your living conditions, some usual activities and so on.
9. What is the best way of preparing for your future profession?
10. Is it easy to choose a career?
11. Do you agree with the quotation: "It doesn't matter what job you do. It's how you do it"?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

- знати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови; вміти читати і розмовляти іноземною мовою;

-знати особливості перекладу; вміти перекладати оригінальні тексти зі словником і без нього, розуміти зміст прочитаного.

Студент повинен в м і т и:

- здійснювати усну і письмову комунікацію професійного спрямування англійською мовою;використовувати в мовленні терміни, поняття з теми;

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 1

У процесі опрацювання теми Моя майбутня спеціальність і англійська мова знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 2

ТЕМА: НЕОЗНАЧЕНИЙ ЧАС В АКТИВНОМУ ТА ПАСИВНОМУ СТАНІ

1. Read and translate the text

When commercial traders enter into a contract for the purchase and sale of goods they are free to negotiate specific terms of their contract. These terms include the price, quantity, and characteristics of the goods. Every international contract will also contain what is referred to as an Incoterm (international commercial term). The Incoterm selected by the parties to the transaction will determine which party pays the cost of each segment of transport, who is responsible for loading & unloading of goods, and who bears the risk of loss at any given point during a given international shipment. Incoterms also influence Customs valuation basis of imported merchandise. Incoterms are overseen and administered by the International Chamber of Commerce in Paris and are adhered to by the major trading nations of the world. There are currently 13 Incoterms in use, and they can be considered on the basis cited above. Incoterms or international commercial terms are a series of international sales terms widely used throughout the world. They are used to divide transaction costs and responsibilities between buyer and seller and reflect state-of-the-art transportation practices. They closely correspond to the U.N. Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.

ICC introduced the first version of Incoterms - short for "International Commercial Terms" - in 1936. Since then, ICC expert lawyers and trade practitioners have updated them six times to keep pace with the development of international trade.

Most contracts made after 1 January 2000 will refer to the latest edition of Incoterms, which came into force on that date. The correct reference is to "Incoterms 2000".

2. Answer the questions:

What is international trade?
What is export?
What is import?
What are the measures to control international trade?
What is a tariff?
What is a quota?
What are the methods to establish products in a foreign market?

3. Express the following concepts in one word

1. A device for changing chemical energy into electrical energy. 2. The flow of electricity along a wire. 3. The path of an electric current. 4. A reddish metal which conducts electricity and heat well. 5. Electric flow in one direction. 6. Electric flow first -in one direction and then in the other direction. 7. An instrument for measuring electric current.

4. Put in the verbs in the right tense from and copy out the sentences.

1. Nearly 1,500,000 people ... (to move) into new flats during the same period.2. According to the plan, the real incomes of the population ...(to be) 4.5 per cent higher.3. By the end of the year the Ministry of the Gas Industry...

4. In1917, inRussia the world's first socialist state ... (to be) born5. Before the First World War capitalism in Russia ... (to develop) rapidly.

5. Complete the sentences.

1. His brother is a student, ...he? 2. It snows in winter,…it? 3. The pupils don't go to school on Sunday, ...they? 4. He doesn't go to our school, ...he? 5. His sister is young, ...she? 6. You have seen this film, ...you? 7. You don't have a brother, ...you? 8. This girl is beautiful, ...she? 9. You will go to the concert, ...you? 10. They performed folk’ dances very well, ...they?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Cтудент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 2

У процесі опрацювання теми Неозначений час в активному та пасивному стані варто скласти конспект до теми: Неозначений час в активному та пасивному стані,перкласти текст,виконати вправи з граматики, дати відповіді на питання: Які часові форми дієслів в англійській мові ви знаєте? Як утворюються дієслова у теперішньому неозначеному часі? Як утворюються дієслова у минулому неозначеному часі? Як утворюються дієслова у майбутньому неозначеному часі

СЕМІНАР № 3

ТЕМА: ТРИВАЛИЙ ЧАС В АКТИВНОМУ ТА ПАСИВНОМУ СТАНІ

Мета: активізувати знання з теоретичної бази та практичні навички спілкування англійською мовою на професійній основі, розвинути аудіо-фонетичні навички, навчити студентів бути активними творцями освітнього процесу, систематизувати інформацію, закріпити за допомогою тренувальних вправ лексику з теми, граматику, прищепити інтерес до культури країни, мова якої вивчається.

1. Read and translate the text:

I study at the department of the technological equipment and automated control systems. Тhe students of our department are specializing in mechanics, automation of technological processes and automated control systems, industrial electronics, electrical engineering.' Mechanical engineering is called a key industry due to its importance to all sectors of the national economy including mechanization, automation, chemical engineering, etc. Engineering is a complex consisting of interlinked industries.

Machine-tool manufacture is the material and technical base of engineering. Mechanical engineering is rapidly changing. Instrument-making plays an increasingly important part. This branch of engineering produces automation equipment, quality control devices, computers, etc.

The development of automation is closely linked with progress in instrument-making and the output of up-to-date measuring and control instruments and devices. As future engineers we set a thorough knowledge of physics, mathematics, technical drawing, electrical engineering, strength oа materials and machine parts, automation and automated control systems, computing, etc.

We are taught by a highly-qualified staff of professors and teachers. Our practical training and laboratory works are done in the laboratories equipped with modern installations, apparatuses and devices. Theoretical training is combined with scientific work at the scientific centers and student; design bureaus. As a rule, students write their term papers and graduation theses on the problems connected with their scientific work. They operate experimental and industrial installations, conduct research work, read scientific literature which deals with their specialty. It is also combined with practical training at the advanced enterprises. All these help to turn a student into a highly-skilled engineer, ready for independent work.

2. Answer the following questions:

1.Why is industrial engineering so important?

2.What is the material and technical foundation of engineering?

3.Is instrument-making an important branch of engineering?

What is the development of automation closely linked with ?
What sciences and special subjects are of great importance in training future engineers?
What is the importance of scientific work in training future engineers?
Is practical training important for educating future specialists?
Are you engaged in research work?

3. Translate into English according to the model:

Model: Янаписавлиста(today; yesterday).-1 have written a letter today. I wrote a letter yesterday.

Ваш друг був у Вашингтоні (this year ; last year ).Вони залишили вам повідомлення ( today , yesterday).Мері зателефонувала своїй подрузі (lastweek , thismorning).Ми замовили розмову з Лондоном ( lastweek , thisSunday).Ви придбали телефонний довідник ? ( yesterday , today )

4. Give synonyms to the words in bold type:

What is your favorite vegetable dish?Help yourself to some soup.May Ioffer you a cup of coffee? I’ll have some champagne. I don't like fried potatoes.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 3

У процесі опрацювання теми Тривалий час в активному та пасивному стані вивчити теоретичний матеріал з теми Тривалий час в активному та пасивному стані, перекласти текст, виконати вправи з граматики, дати відповіді на питання: Як утворюються дієслова у теперішньому тривалому часі? Як утворюються дієслова у минулому тривалому часі? Як утворюються дієслова у майбутньому тривалому часі?

СЕМІНАР № 4

ТЕМА: ДОКОНАНИЙ ЧАС В АКТИВНОМУ ТА ПАСИВНОМУ СТАНІ

1. Read and translate text

A bank is a financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money.The way in which a bank is organised and operates is determined by its objectives and by the type of economy in which it conducts its business. A bank may not necessarily be in business to make a profit.Banks are closely concerned with the flow of money into and out of the economy. They often co-operate with governments in efforts to stabilize economies and to prevent inflation. They are specialists in the business of providing capital, and in allocating funds on credit.

Banks have three essential functions, which are:

deposits
payments
credits

These three functions are the basis of the services offered by banks. They make it possible for banks to generate profits and to achieve their operating aims.

Banks normally receive money from their customers in two distinct forms: on current account, and on deposit account. With a current account, a customer can issue personal checks. No interest is paid by the bank on this type of account. With a deposit account, however, the customer undertakes to leave his money in the bank for a minimum specified period of time. Interest is paid on this money.

The bank in turn lends the deposited money to customers who need capital. This activity earns interest for the bank, and this interest is almost always at a higher rate than any interest which the bank pays to its depositors. In this way the bank makes its main profits. The primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital. The bank is a reservoir of loanable money, with streams of money flowing in and out. For this reason, economists and financiers often talk of money being liquid, or of the liquidity of money. Many small sums which might otherwise be used as capital are rendered useful simply because the bank acts as a reservoir. The system of banks rests upon a basis of trust. Innumerable acts of trust built up the system of which bankers, depositors and borrowers are part. They all agree to behave in certain predictable ways in relation to each other, and in relation to the rapid fluctuations of credit and debit. Consequently, business can be done and checks can be written without any legal tender visibly changing hands.

2. Write the following sentences, translate the sentence.

Зразок: l.The main question has already been discussed. - Present Perfect Passive.

His scientific work is much spoken about. Our engineers have developed many new devices.Automation not only makes labour productive but radically changes its nature.Popov invented radio in 1895.Еlectronics is becoming very important for engineers.

3. Rewrite the following sentences and translate them, paying attention to the different meaning of the verbs to be, to have, to do.

1. We have to control the work of these devices.This material does not possess electric properties.Scientists had to create new materials for industry.The exam was to start in the morning.

4. Rewrite the following sentences and translate them, paying attention to the subjugation

We know electricity produces heat.The new materials the scientists developed were used in space technology.The methods we have just described are very effective.

5. Rewrite the following sentences and translate them, underline Participle 1 and Participle 11

1. Experimenting with different substances the engineer discovered valuable properties of metals.

2. Semiconductors being used in different branches of industry are of great importance in modern devices. 3. The metals used in our work possess many important properties.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 4

У процесі опрацювання теми Доконаний час в активному та пасивному стані вивчити теоретичний матеріалз теми Доконаний час в активному та пасивному стані, зробити переклад тексту, виконати вправи з граматики, дати відповіді на питання: Як утворюються дієслова у теперішньому доконаному часі? Як утворюються дієслова у минулому доконаному часі? Як утворюються дієслова у майбутньому доконаному часі?

СЕМІНАР №5

ТЕМА: ЛЕКСИЧНІ, СТИЛІСТИЧНІ, ФОНЕТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ

1. Read and translate text

Making a positive career choice is a problem which worries many people nowadays. What am I good at? How can I find a well-paid job? What kind of knowledge and what traits of character should I have to succeed? These are the questions that people often ask themselves. Nowadays employers demand perfect knowledge, work experience, a range of transferable skills and such qualities as efficiency, punctuality, practicality, creativity and many others. If you want to get a good job, you must convince your employer that you are the best candidate for it. Choosing your future job you should take into consideration your interests, abilities and opportunities. Besides, you should know your employer's requirements.

If you want to become a good specialist, to keep your job and to get a promotion, you should be competent. Competence is a requirement for a person to properly perform a specific job. In other words, it is a combination of knowledge, skills and behavior, the ability to perform a specific role. Today executives and managers don't only speak of skills and qualifications of their employees, but of their competencies that measure a person's appropriateness for a particular job. There are a lot of competencies but as a rule they are divided into two large groups: technical competencies and personal competencies. Technical competencies comprise the skills and knowledge that are essential in order for a person to do a particular job appropriately (for example word processing). Personal competencies include characteristics that people use together with their technical competencies in order to do their work well (for example, initiative and sociability). Competence development is a long process that requires training and personal development. Competence grows through experience.

The ability to make the right decision is crucial in the world of business. A well considered decision will lead your team to success; a poor decision can result into failure. A good employee should demonstrate problem-solving capability and think about what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved. Many companies need people who can work effectively in different countries and cultures, in other words, people who can function in a global context. Therefore it is important to develop intercultural competence. This requirement stems from the mass globalization of business and the development of cross-cultural contacts. Intercultural competence is the ability to understand people of other cultures and to work effectively with them. A person must remember that the traditions and customs that he or she is used to may be inadmissible in another country. That is why one should be aware of intercultural differences to avoid mistakes, misunderstanding or offence and to achieve one's business goals.

Negotiating is part and parcel of working life that is why negotiating skills are essential no matter what kind of job a person has. The most important thing is to take into consideration your personal style and your partner's expectations and reaction. You should be calm, reasonable, self-confident and convincing. You should try to win your partner's favour and make him trust you. It is useful to take into account all details: your speech, body language, physical contact, eye contact, etc.

Relationship-building is a new popular term that means building good relationships with partners and clients. You should understand their needs and respect their rights. You should also maintain good relationships with supervisors and peers. It is very important to handle appropriately criticism and complaints, to deal respectfully with cultural and racial diversity and never to engage in harassment of any kind.

Modern life is full of stress that is why it is essential to be able to cope with stress and fatigue. When a person is busy achieving his aspirations, he often forgets about work-life balance. Many people suffer from the conflict between work and family. They are too much preoccupied with their career and they have no time for rest, pleasure and spiritual development. Don't forget that if you want to make a career, you should be healthy and happy. And if you want to be healthy and happy, you should not forget a simple rule: don't overwork, take breaks and remember that we work to live but not vice versa.

2. Answer the questions
1) Why is it difficult to make a positive career choice?
2) What should a person do if he or she wants to get a good job?
3) What should you take into consideration choosing your future job?
4) Why is it important to be competent?
5) How many groups of competencies do you know? Say a few words about them.
6) Why is the ability to make the right decision crucial in the world of business?
7) What does the expression 'to function in a global context' mean?
8) Why is it important to develop intercultural competence?
9) Are negotiating skills essential in business/in everyday life? Why?
10) What are the secrets of successful negotiating?
11) What does the term 'relationship-building' mean?
12) Why do many people suffer from the conflict between work and family nowadays? What are the ways to solve this problem?

3. Read and translate the quotations below. Choose any statement and comment on it
• Whatever your life's work is, do it well. A man should do his job so well that the living, the dead, and the unborn could do it no better.' (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
• 'It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance ?' (Ronald Reagan)
• Work is love made visible. And if you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work and sit at the gate of the temple and take alms of those who work with joy.' (Kahlil Gibran)
• Work is a necessary evil to be avoided.' (Mark Twain)
• 'There is joy in work. There is no happiness except in the realization that we have accomplished something.' (Henry Ford)
• 'Our fatigue is often caused not by work, but by worry, frustration and resentment.' (Dale Carnegie)
• 'Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work.' (Aristotle)
• 'Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.' (Confucius)

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару №5

У процесі опрацювання теми Лексичні, стилістичні, фонетичні особливості перекладу знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 6

ТЕМА: ЕКОНОМІКА ЯК НАУКА. БІЗНЕС

1. Read and translate the text

The central problem of economics is to determine the most efficient ways to allocate the factors of production and solve the problem of scarcity created by society’s unlimited wants and limited resources. In doing so, every society must provide answers to the following three questions:

1. What goods and services are to be produced, and in what quantities are they to be produced?

2. How are those goods and services to be produced?

3. Who will receive and consume (get to use) those goods and services?

The solution of these questions depends on the economic system of each particular society.

The economic system determines how the nation's resources of land, labour, machinery and raw materials are allocated and used. The problem of allocating resources is a central theme of economics, because most resources are scarce. The allocation of scarce resources and the distribution of the product of those resources are a major part of the subject matter of economics.

In Western economies many resources are allocated to whoever is willing and able to pay the most for them. The distribution is determined by the amounts of money paid as wages, rent and other forms of income.A country's economic system is its way of organizing economic activities, including the ways in which people come to specialize in particular tasks they do best. The more goods and services can be produced from limited resources, the higher the standard of living enjoyed by the country’s citizens.Different economic systems answer the “what”, “how” and “for whom” questions differently. There is a variety of economic systems, which can be divided into three groups:

a) Market or decentralized economic systems.

In a true market economy the government plays no role in the management of the economy, the government does not intervene in it. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production and private supplies of capital.

b) Planned or centralized economic systems, in which economic decisions are taken by government planners.

Planned economies are economies with a large amount of central planning and direction, when the government takes all the decisions, the government decides production and consumption. A planned economy is simple to understand but not simple to operate.

c) Mixed economic systems, in which many economic activities are organized in a decentralized way, but in which the government takes some of the most important economic decisions. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers. In a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems.

In practice, every economic system is mixed to some extent.

2.. Read the words and guess their meanings:

Factors of production, production and consumption, natural resources, capital and entrepreneurship, competitive, state ownership, public property/common ownership, large-scale intervention, state-controlled industry, considerable economic freedom of choice, the government controls a share of the output, labour-intensive production, to allocate the factors of production, the problem of allocating resources, the subject matter of economics, money paid as wages, rent and other forms of income, to specialize in particular tasks, the standard of living, in a decentralized way, in response to the demands of consumers, in solving economic problems.

3. Are the following statements true or false?

1.There are five main economic systems.

2.Economics is concerned with everyday issues, such as unemployment, prices, wages etc.

3.The allocation of scarce resources is the only subject matter of economics.

4.A cornerstone of the market system is that production alters swiftly to meet changing demands.

5.In a market economy the government takes all the decisions in the management of the economy.

6.If some economic decisions are taken by the government, we have a centralized economy.

7.Market economies are sometimes called “command economies”.

8.Command economies tend to be slow when responding to changes in people’s tastes and fashions.

9.There is no incentive for individuals to work hard in planned economies.

10.In a free market individual people are free to pursue their own interests.

11.In a market economy there is a maximal control on working conditions and safety standards concerning goods and services.

4. Complete these sentences with the words in appropriate form and translate the

1. Economics is the study of how people choose _______scarce resources to satisfy their _____ .

2. It also deals with different _____ questions, especially ______ with labour, finance, taxation etc.

3. An economic system is the way in which a country uses its _____ to satisfy the demands of ___

for goods and services.

4. The more goods and services that can be produced, the higher the standard of living _____ by the country’s citizens.

5. Economists _________economic systems into ____ Western _________ are _____ mostly ________ economic systems in which economic events are the outcome of _________ decisions.

6. If government planners _______ some of the most important ________ decisions, the economy is __________.

7. Planned economies are economies with _____ of _____ , when the government _____ all ___ , decides ___ and ___ .

8. There is no ___ for individuals to work hard in planned economies.

9. ___ contains elements of both market and planned economies.

10. In a mixed economy the government and the private sector ___ in ___ .

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару №6

У процесі опрацювання теми Економіка як наука. Бізнес знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 7

ТЕМА: ДІЛОВІ КОНТАКТИ

1. Read and translate the text

In the business world, communication is the oil that keeps corporate machines running. It is

the glue that holds small businesses together. Business is all about building and maintaining relationships with partners, employees, or customers. Everything from employee satisfaction to productivity and efficiency relies on good communication. In business there is hardly any room for errors in communication. A miscommunication at high levels of a company can make a huge loss.

That is why it is important for everyone from top management to the lowliest employee to understand how to communicate his or her ideas, instructions and expressions with the utmost clarity.

There are some types of communication that are used in business.Oral communication is probably the most important form of communication in business. Information is passed on, feedback is received and relationships are formed using spoken words.Spoken communication often combines verbal communication and non-verbal communication, such as tone of voice, body language, etc. Sometimes the meaning of what someone says can change completely when a different tone of voice is adopted. In customer relations, especially, it is important to be aware that tone of voice, intonation, and body language play an important part in communicating. In customer service, the words must be accurate, clear, leaving no room for ambiguity and the tone of voice, body language, and intonation need to communicate confidence and understanding. Oral communication is divided into face-to-face communication and communication by phone.

According to the survey conducted among business professional face-to-face communication is considered to be the most important and essential type of communication in business. Faceto-face meetings build stronger, more meaningful business relationships. It is also easier to read body language and facial expressions and interpret non-verbal communication signals. Respondents agreed that face-to-face communication is best for persuasion, engagement, inspiration, decisionmaking, and reaching a consensus.

When face-to face communication is impossible the easiest and the most convenient way to contact your business partner is by phone. But as telephone communication lacks the visual element present in face-to-face communication, the auditory element becomes the principal conveyor of meaning. For this reason, effective telephone use requires greater attention to speaking clearly and listening attentively than in case of face-to-face communication.

Business writing is a critical aspect of how people can share information with each other in an efficient, professional manner. Formality is an important element of how business writing is conducted today. In fact, each document is considered to be a legal document, which you can always refer to. There are a few types of business writing that people may come across at work: emails, letters sent by post, faxes, memos, minutes, taken at the meetings, summaries, etc. People use business writing to ask for a job, to make inquiries, to order some goods, to make complaints,etc. The main feature of business writing that unites all forms (memos, emails, letters, documents,etc.) together is the style. No matter what kinds of documents you are writing, you have to be concise, clear, and to convey information in an effective way.

2.Answer the following questions:

1. Do you have any strategies for starting conversations with people you see for the first time?

2. Do you think it is possible to learn the skills of keeping the conversation going?

3. Which topics do you consider to be safe for the first conversation?

4. Which topics will you try to avoid not insulting or offending your partner?

5. What is a small talk? Why do you think it is important in business communication?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару № 7

У процесі опрацювання теми Ділові контакти знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР №8

ТЕМА: БАНКІВСЬКА СИСТЕМА

1. Read and translate the text

There are several types of banks in the world, and each has a specific role and function – as well as a domain – in which they operate. In broad strokes, banks may be divided into several groups on the basis of their activities and these include investment banks, retail, private, business, and also corporate banks. Many of the larger banks have multiple divisions covering some or all of these categories.Retail banks deal directly with consumers and small business owners. They focus on mass market products such as current and savings accounts, mortgages and other loans, and credit cards. By contrast, private banks normally provide wealth management services to high net worth families and individuals.Business banks provide services to businesses and other organizations that are medium sized, whereas the clients of corporate banks are usually major business entities.Lastly, investment banks provide services related to financial markets, such as mergers and acquisitions.Another way in which banks may be categorised is on the basis of their ownership. They might either be privately held or publicly owned banks.

Privately owned banks are motivated by profit in their business operations. Publicly owned banks are held by the state governments of the individual countries and they serve as a nation’s centralized bank, as well as an economic backbone for that particular country. They are also known as central banks.A central bank, reserve bank or monetary authority, is an entity responsible for the monetary policy of its country or of its group of member states, such as the European Union. Its primary responsibility is to maintain the stability of the national currency and money supply.

In most countries the central bank is state-owned and has a minimal degree of autonomy, which allows for the possibility of government intervening in monetary policy. Central Banks are also vested with certain supervisory powers so that banks and various other financial institutions do not behave irresponsibly. The functions of central banks widely vary from one country to another. Some of the important functions of the central bank of a country are as follows:

Issuance of bank notes
Managing the country's foreign exchange and gold reserves
Deciding on the official interest rate to manage inflation
Acting as the banker to the Government and the banker's bank
Regulation and supervision of the banking industry

In most countries the central banks are state-owned and their policies, therefore, are subject to government interference. On the other hand, 'independent central banks' are the ones that function with least government intervention.Publicly owned banks, which are controlled by the government, have numerous responsibilities pertaining to the banking sector of the country, such as administering various activities for the commercial banks of that country. They also determine the rates of interest offered by banks doing business in that country, as well as playing a major role in maintaining liquidity in the banking sector.There are several types of notable retail banks. These include the offshore, community and savings banks, as well as the community development banks, building societies, postal savings banks, ethical banks and Islamic banks.

Offshore banks operate in areas of reduced taxes, as compared to the country in which the investor lives in. This is why most offshore banks are private banks.Community banks are monetary organizations operated on a local basis, while community development banks cater to the populations, or markets, that have typically not been served properly.Postal savings banks are basically savings banks that operate in conjunction with the national postal systems of that country.Building societies where traditionally mutually owned by their customers. They provide a full range of retail banking services, but with a particular focus on mortgages.Ethical banks do their business based on their own code of conduct. They only accept investments that they perceive to be useful from a social and environmental point of view. The Islamic Banks perform their business operations as per the Sharia law, the Islamic code of law. In particular, this means that they operate sans interest.

There are two types of investment banks – the investment banks that perform underwriting activities, and the merchant banks, a traditional form of banking, that performs trade-financing activities.

Commercial banks offer a wide range of corporate financial services that address the specific needs of private enterprise. They provide deposit, loan and trading facilities but will not service investment activities in financial markets.

Commercial banks can be described as a type of financial intermediary.Commercial banks play a number of roles in the financial stability and cash flow of a countries private sector. They process payments through a variety of means including telegraphic transfer, internet banking and electronic funds transfers. Commercial banks issue bank checks and drafts, as well as accept money on term deposits.Other institutions that perform banking services include savings and loan associations, credit unions, mortgage companies, insurance companies ,etc..

Credit unions are groups of people, typically workers at a particular business, that pool their money together for savings and loan activity. Credit unions typically offer lower loan interest rates to members.Savings and loan associations traditionally accepted deposits from private investors and then lent money to individuals for mortgages.A mortgage is a loan or money borrowed to pay for a home, business or other types of real estate. The home or business is the security for the loan to buy the home or business. If the borrower fails to repay the loan, the bank or savings and loan assumes ownership of the home or business.Bankruptcy or going bankrupt means that a person is so in debt that they cannot repay their loans. When they declare bankruptcy, they publicly declare that they cannot repay their debts. A plan is worked out so that the person who owes money works out a plan to repay at least some of the debts owed.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару №8

У процесі опрацювання теми Банківська система знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 9

ТЕМА: ТРУДОВІ ВІДНОСИНИ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВІ

1. Read and translate the text

Within the past decades the popularity of Business English has increased enormously. There is hardly a specialist who can function effectively if he doesn’t know English; there is hardly a company that doesn’t use English as the language of business communication. A large number of international companies have set up their representative offices in our country, offering new positions and challenging opportunities. But Business English is used not only by specialists on the job;ordinary people often find themselves in different situations when it’s almost impossible to do without Business English.

What is Business English? Traditionally Business English was referred to English for Specific Purposes together with English for Academic Purposes and English for Science and Technology. Within this classification Business English was naturally viewed as the language for trade and commerce. This traditional understanding of the word “business” was and still is reflected in modern dictionaries, which define it first of all as “the activity of buying and selling goods and services”.

However, life changes and attitudes do too. In the first place these changes have affected the meaning of the word “business”. Thus computer dictionary ABBY Lingvo defines “business” as any occupation, trade or activity, which is opposed to “doing nothing, being idle”. This last definition proves that Business English may have a very wide sphere of application and people may use it not only at work where they have to communicate with foreign colleagues, partners and customers but out of work as well. Being an active member of a society and living according to its laws we always get involved into various situations which require from us a good command of Business English. We meet with different people, apply for a job, book tickets, order and buy overseas goods through the Internet, get and transfer money, arrange trips, go abroad on business or just have a rest.It is almost impossible to cope with these situations if you don’t have at least elementary business communication skills.

Traditionally Business English is divided into General Business English and Professional Business English. General Business English may be used both by professionals and nonprofessionals in various contexts and circumstances. As a rule people speaking General Business

English use common words and word combinations but in a new business context. There are a lot of examples when familiar words acquire new meanings when we start using them for business communication. Thus, “to run a company” means to manage a company, “to be short of time or money” means not to have enough time or money.Phrasal verbs are also rather frequent in the language of business communication. It is very important to learn and understand their meaning not to get into embarrassing situations. For example phrasal verb “to look forward to” which is often used in business correspondence, means that you’ll be happy to receive a reply; the verb “to get through”, which appears in telephone talks, means to reach somebody by phone. Prepositions having both lexical and grammar functions play a rather important part in Business English. Failure to use a correct preposition may not only mislead your partner but ruin the act of communication. For example, we say “to advise on” when we ask our partner to give us advice on a subject he or she knows very well (He advises us on tax matters).If we say “to advise of” we will mean that we want to inform somebody about something. (We’ll advise you of any changes in delivery).

The sphere of application of Professional Business English is usually narrower than of General Business English as it is used only by professionals who work in a particular area.

The main peculiarity that differentiates Professional Business English from General one is the use of terms.Thus people who work in finance will definitely come across such expressions as interest rates or cash flow which may not be clear enough to an ordinary person. Professional legal English known as “legalese” employs a lot of Latin borrowings (e.g. actus reus, mens rea) which are also considered to be terms. All these examples prove that it’s impossible to be fluent in Professional Business English without being an expert in the particular sphere.

2.Choose the Ukrainian equivalents of words and phrases from the text

1. language of business communication a. знайти відображення в сучасних словниках

2. to do without Business English b. потрапити в незручну ситуацію

3. to be reflected in modern dictionaries c. влаштовуватися на роботу

4. to define d. організовувати поїздки

5. attitude to smth e. мати навички ділового спілкування

6. to affect the meaning of the word f. вимагати вільного володіння англійською мовою

7. to have a wide sphere of application g. мова ділового спілкування

8. to require a good command of English h. ввести в оману к-л

9. to apply for a job i. забронювати білет

10. to book a ticket j. обходитися без ділової англійської

11. to order overseas goods k. ставлення до ч-л

12. to arrange trips l. набувати нового значення

13. to have business communication skills m. ділове листування

14. to acquire a new meaning n. вплинути на значення слова

15. to get into an embarrassing situation o. замовляти товари з-за кордону

16. business correspondence p. мати широку сферу застосування

3.Answer the following questions:

1. How did Business English use to be defined?

2. How is Business English defined nowadays? What does this definition prove?

3. How is Business English used in our everyday life?

4. What are the subdivisions of Business English?

5. What are the peculiarities of General Business English?

6. What is the sphere of application of Professional Business English?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексичний матеріал з теми;

- утворення та вживання дієприкметника.

Студент повинен в м і т и:

- складати словник хіміко-технічних термінів;

- передавати своїми словами основний зміст почутого або прочитаного;

- виконувати лексико-граматичні вправи.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару №9

У процесі опрацювання теми Трудові відносини на підприємстві знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 10

ТЕМА: БІЗНЕС СТРУКТУРА ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

1. Read and translate the text

Organizations permeate all levels of our lives. Organizations exist for one reason: they can accomplish things that individuals cannot. Organizations are characterized by their goal-directed behavior. They have goals and objectives that can be achieved more efficiently and effectively by the concerted action of individuals and groups. Organizations are essential to the way our society operates.To work effectively in organizations, managers must have a clear understanding of the organizational structure. Viewing an organization chart on a piece of paper or framed on a wall, one sees only a configuration of positions, job duties, and lines of authority among the parts of an organization. However, organizational structures can be far more complex than that. An organization’s structure is the formal pattern of activities and interrelationships among the various subjects of the organization.

Most organizations have a hierarchical or pyramidal structure, with one person or a group of people at the top, and an increasing number of people below them at each successive level. There is a clear line or chain of command running down the pyramid. All the people in the organization know what decisions they are able to make, who their superior (or boss) is (to whom they report), and who their immediate subordinates are (to whom they can give instructions). Some people in an organization have colleagues who help them: for example, there might be an Assistant to the Marketing Manager. This is known as a staff position. Yet the activities of most companies are too complicated to be organized in a single hierarchy. Today, most large manufacturing organizations have a functional structure, including (among others) production, finance, marketing, sales, and personnel or staff departments. This means, for example, that the production and marketing departments cannot take financial decisions without consulting the finance department.

Functional organization is efficient, but there are two standard criticisms. Firstly, people are usually more concerned with the success of their department than that of the company, so there are permanent battles between, for example, finance and marketing, or marketing and production, which have incompatible goals. Secondly, separating functions is unlikely to encourage innovation. Yet for a large organization manufacturing a range of products, having a single production department is generally inefficient. Consequently, most large companies are decentralized.

An inherent problem of hierarchies is that people at lower levels are unable to make important decisions, but have to pass on responsibility to their boss. One solution to this is matrix management, in which people report to more than one superior.A further possibility is to have wholly autonomous, temporary groups or teams that are responsible for an entire project, and are split up as soon as it is successfully completed. Teams are often not very good for decision-making, and they run the risk of relational problems, unless they are small and have a lot of self-discipline. In fact they still require a definite leader, on whom their success probably depends.

2. Answer the following Questions:

1.What groups of people are most companies made of?

2.What is the management structure of a typical company like?

3.What is the Board of directors responsible for?

4.Who is responsible for the running of the business?

5.Name some of the departments or functions within a company?

6.What are the main factors of successful performance of the company over the years?

7.What is necessary for any company in order to survive & be successful?

8.What kind of information should a company profile contain?

9.Why are organizations so important for us?

10.How do people feel about organizations?

11.What is the reason for the existence of organizations?

12.What kind of behavior is typical of organizations?

13.Why do organizations influence our behavior?

14.Why are the people only beginning to realize the importance of studying organizations?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 10

У процесі опрацювання теми Бізнес структура підприємства знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 11

ТЕМА: БІЗНЕС КОНТРАКТИ

Read and translate the text

Nowadays business people spend so much time in meetings that turning meeting time into effective results is a priority for successful organizations. Actions that make meetings successful require management before, during, and after the meeting.

What is done before the meeting is as important as the meeting itself. To ensure the only necessary points will be covered it’s necessary to create an agenda. An agenda is a list of items and points which are to be discussed during the meeting. When the agenda is ready it is usually distributed among everyone concerned. It is important to get feedback from the meeting participants about the proposed agenda. The organizers should also check the venue, making sure the room will be free, without interruptions, until the end of the meeting.

The person who will chair the meeting must be appointed in advance. The chairperson should be a good timekeeper. He should start a meeting on time, without waiting for latecomers. He should also appoint somebody to take the minutes, making sure that opinions and action points are noted. He should make sure that each point on the agenda is allocated the time it deserves and should keep to the timetable. When the time allocated to one point is up, the chairperson should

make sure that discussion moves on to the next point, even if the issue has not been completely covered. The chairperson should make sure that each participant has the chance to make the point, and should deal tactfully with disagreements. He should also try to avoid digressions, where people get off the point. Finally, he should ensure the meeting finishes on time or earlier.

After some meetings it’s necessary for the minutes to be circulated, especially if there are action points that particular people are responsible for. At the next meeting the chairperson should ask for the minutes to be read out and see if everybody agrees that it is an accurate record of what happened, and see if there are any matters arising. He should also check what progress has been made on the action points from the previous meeting.

Organizing a meeting it’s necessary to remember that running an effective meeting is more than sending out a notice that your team is to meet at a particular time and place. Effective meetings need structure and order. Without these elements they can go on forever and not accomplish their goals. With a good agenda and a commitment to involving the meeting participants in the planning, preparation, and execution of the meeting, it is possible to hold a great meeting.

2. Складіть словосполучення, підібравши до слів з лівої колонки підходящі за змістом слова з правої колонки. Переведіть словосполучення на українську мову.

1. to wait for a. the time

2. to check b. on time

3. to appoint c. the venue

4. to make d. digressions

5. to take e. the point

6. to note f. latecomers

7. to allocate g. the minutes

8. to avoid h. an agenda

9. to keep to i. feedback

10. to get j. the timetable

11. to create k. a chairperson

12. to finish l. action points

3. Прочитайте уривки з промови голови наради. Заповніть пропуски, підібравши відповідне за змістом слово.

1. My name is Michael Stuart and I’m a personal assistant to the CEO. I’m responsible for arranging monthly meetings. I have to prepare (1) ___________ and then to (2) _____________ it to all the participants. I also have to send copies of the (3) __________ of the last meeting. It’s my job to check the (4) ____________, to make sure that the meeting room is suitable and that lunch has been ordered. You have to be a good (5) _________ to do a job like this.

1. A diary B agenda C calendar

2. A circle B circulate C circular

3. A minutes B seconds C hours

4. A avenue B revenue C venue

5. A organization B organizer C organized

2. It’s eleven o’clock so let’s make a (1) ____________, shall we? As you know, the (2) ___________ of this meeting is to discuss car parking problem on the company premises. I want to

know what you (3) __________ about it. Would you like to (4) _____________ a discussion, Sarah? But please try to stick to the point and not to (5) ______________.

1. A start B begin C first

2. A action B matter C purpose

3. A believe B aware C think

4. A open B close C explain

5. A lose B digress C avoid

3. Ladies and gentlemen, it’s nearly two o’clock. We’re (1) ____________ out of time, so we have

to (2) __________ here. Just to (3) __________ up, we came here to decide whether to built a new

parking lot or not. I’ve listened to both (4) __________ of the argument and it is clear that we have

not (5) ____________ an agreement. The working group will try to find a (6) ___________ and

present their suggestions at the next meeting. That’s on April 14th at 11 o’clock. So, unless you have

anything else to (7) __________, I think that’s all for today. Thank you all for (8) __________.

1. A walking B moving C running

2. A stop B still C stay

3. A add B sum C clear

4. A faces B people C sides

5. A made B reached C worked

6. A compromise B compound C promise

7. A check B move C add

8. A being B coming C attend

4. Прочитайте і перекладіть висловлювання, які можна почути під час наради. Заповніть пропуски відповідними за змістом словами. Визначте, які фрази зазвичай вимовляє голова, а які - учасники наради.

right, mean, understand, interrupt, earlier, move, minutes, afraid, think, purpose, record, wrong, action, point (2), sure, allocated

1. Steve, will you take the ___________ today?

2. Does everybody agree that the minutes are an accurate ____________ of the last meeting?

3. In the ____________ points it says Sam is responsible for writing the report. Is that right?

4. Now, we have ___________ 30 minutes to the discussion of point 1, so let’s get started.

5. I want to make the __________ that we are still two people short in the office.

6. Let’s ___________ on to the next point or we won’t finish on time.

7. What is the ____________ of this meeting? What do we hope to achieve?

8. I take your ___________ about the new advertisement, but it’s too late to change anything.

9. I know what you _________ about him, but he is very good with customers.

10. Sorry to _____________ you, but what you’ve said is against the company policy.

11. To go back to what I was saying __________, we still need some money to solve this problem.

12. If I ______________ you correctly, we won’t finish the project on time. Is that right?

13. Are you ___________ that we have to close this parking on our company premises?

14. I know what you __________ but we have to look at the human factor as well as the numbers.

15. I’m ___________ I can’t agree with you here.

16. I think you are __________. It’s impossible to meet this deadline.

17. You are absolutely __________. We are to reduce prices.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 11

У процесі опрацювання теми Бізнес контракти знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 12

ТЕМА: ТОРГІВЛЯ

1. Read and translate the text

Management is a process which takes place at all levels in an organization. It is not carried out only by people with "manager" in their job title. There are three levels of management in most organization Strategic management (Chief Executive, Board of Directors); tactical management (all types of middle management, departmental F managers, functional managers such as the personnel manager, account, F sates manager); operational management (foremen, supervisors, chielf clerk, etc.). Management tasks can he grouped into: planning, motivate ting, organizing, control with decision-making taking place within each. Planning, decision-making and control are intimately related managerial processes of deciding in advance 'what' is to be done and 'how' it is to be done, when to do it and 'who' is to do it. There are three levels of planning: strategic, tactical, operational. Strategic planning: 1) which business should the organization be in? 2) how should they be financed? 3) how should the organization be structured? 4) how should resources be allocated?

Tactical planning: 1) what products should be added or deleted? 2) what capital investment or divestment is necessary to meet strategic plan? 3) what is the best pricing pattern? 4) what new faculties systems or methods are needed to meet strategic plans?

Operational planning: 1) what is the best production (marketing, etc.) plan to meet objectives? 2) what materials, facilities are needed for operations? 3) what is the best method of organizing operations?

2. Answer the following questions:

What is management?
What should the manager know to cope with his tasks?
How many levels of management? What are they?
What are the main tasks of management?
What are strategic planning connected with?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 12

У процесі опрацювання теми Торгівля знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 13

ТЕМА: МАРКЕТИНГ ТА ЗБУТ ПРОДУКЦІЇ

1. Read and translate the text

Economics is a social science that seeks to analyze and describe the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics studies how individuals and societies seek to satisfy needs and wants through incentives, choices, and allocation of scarce resources. As a social science economics studies the social relationship of individuals. But unlike other social sciences, economics concentrates its study on the economy.

The word "economics" is from the Greek words οἶκος [oikos], meaning "family, household, estate," and νόμος [nomos], or "custom, law," and hence literally means "household management" or "management of the state." The management of society's resources is important because resources are scarce. Scarcity means that society has less to offer than people wish to have. Just as a household cannot give every member everything he or she wants, a society cannot give every individual the highest standard of living to which he or she might aspire.

Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources. In most societies, resources are allocated not by a single central planner but through the combined actions of millions of households and firms.The major divisions of economics include microeconomics, which deals with the behaviour of individual consumers, companies, traders, and farmers; and macroeconomics, which focuses on aggregates such as the level of income in an economy, the volume of total employment, and the flow of investment.

Macroeconomics is the study of entire economy. The word macroeconomics means economics in the large. Macroeconomists measure overall economic activity, analyse the determinants of such activity by the use of macroeconomic theory: forecast future economic activity and attempt to formulate policy responses designed to reconcile forecasts with target values of production, employment and prices. An important task of macroeconomics is to develop ways of aggregating the values of the economic activities of individuals and firms into meaningful totals. To this end such concepts as gross domestic product (GDP), national income, personal income, and personal disposable income have been developed. Macroeconomics is concerned with such major policy issues as the attainment and maintenance of full employment and price stability.Microeconomics is the study of parts of the economy. The word”micro” means small and microeconomics means economics in the small. The optimising behavior of individual units such as households and the firms provides the foundation for microeconomics.

Microeconomists may investigate individual markets or even the economy as a whole, but their analyses are derived from the aggregation of the behavior of individual units. Microeconomic theory is used extensively in many areas of applied economics. It is used, for example, in industrial organisation, labor economics, international trade, cost-benefit analysis and many other economic subfields.

While microeconomics and macroeconomics view the economy from different perspectives, both are important. Scientific theories are used to explain economic activity in the world. The theories consist of sets of economic principles that abstract from the real world, similar to the way a road map abstracts from the world. A principle is obtained by continuously testing a hypothesis to see if it corresponds to activity in the world. Positive economics describes the way the world actually operates, and normative economics suggests how the world should operate. Positive economics is based on testable hypothesis, which can be proved false. Normative economics is based on an individual’s values, which cannot be proved either right or wrong.

The areas of investigation in economics overlap with other social sciences, particularly political science, but economics is primarily concerned with relations between buyer and seller. The economist seeks to identify the benefits and costs of any activity. Since marginal changes in benefits and costs from an activity are the basis for most choices, such changes tend to attract the economist’s attention. Economists also use economic theories to recommend policies to the government.

2.. Read the international words and guess their meanings:

Economic activity, economic system, macroeconomics, microeconomics, to produce, to operate, to protect, to analyze, to finance, to manufacture, to specialize, to focus, to affect, service, school, hospital, garage, fact, base, production, material, industry, radio, strategy, status, export, import, institution, distribution, division, investment, history, organization, period, spectrum, agriculture, essential, basic, industrialized, oriented (policy), national, financial, social, major, fact, base, total, primarily, public.

3. Are the following statements true or false?

There is no brief description of the content and character of economics.
Economics is only a theoretical science.
Economics deals with the problem of income, employment and interest rates.
Economics also deals with weather forecasting, psychology and fantasy writing.
In recent years economists switched to the new fields, such as political science and sociology.
Macroeconomics deals with global questions only.
Macroeconomics means economics in the large because it asks more questions than microeconomics.
Macroeconomist analyses activities of families and large firms.
Such concepts as gross domestic product, national income and personal disposable income serve as meaningful totals.
Macroeconomic analysis shows the development of the economic theory.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 13

У процесі опрацювання теми Маркетинг та збут продукції знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 14

ТЕМА: МАРКЕТИНГ МИКС

Read and translate the text

Financial statements (or financial reports) are formal records of a business' financial activities. Four major financial statements are used to communicate the required information about a business.One is the income statement, which reports income-generating activities or earnings of a business during the period.The second statement, called the statement of owner's equity. The statement of owner's equity shows the changes in the owner's capital account over a period of time. Both of these statements are prepared from the four types of transactions affecting owner's equity.

The third is the balance sheet. The balance sheet shows the financial position of the business on a particular date, such as at the end of the accounting period.The fourth statement, called the statement of changes in financial position, is used to summarize all the changes during the year in terms of some measure of financial resources, such as cash.The income statement is a financial statement summarizing the amount of revenues earned and expenses incurred by a business over a period of time. Many people consider it the most important financial report, its purpose being to measure whether or not the business achieved or failed to achieve its primary objective of earning an acceptable income.The purpose of the balance sheet is to show the financial position of a business on a certain date. For this reason, it is often called the statement of financial position and is dated as of a certain date.

All of the assets and liabilities of a company can be added up to see what the company owes and what it owns. A balance sheet is this summary, a snapshot of a company's position at a given point in time.A balance sheet is made up of two lists, placed side by side. On the left the company lists everything it owns, such as cash and "fixed assets" called property, plant, and equipment, which include everything from buildings and trucks to tools, pencils, and copy machines. This list is labeled assets. On the other side, the company lists its liabilities, consisting of all claims to the company's assets, from creditors and from the company's owners. The lists end up being exactly equal-whatever assets are not claimed by the company's creditors belong to the owners.

When the company's shareholders sit down to see what they really own, they look at the lists on both sides of the balance sheet. By subtracting a company's liabilities from its assets, shareholders calculate the stockholders' equity to see what belongs to them after all of the company's debts have been paid off. This is commonly called book value.When liabilities, such as loans from banks, start to exceed the level of a company's assets, the shareholders may become nervous and sell their shares. They don't want to be around on the day when the company can no longer pay its debts and is forced to declare bankruptcy, reducing the shareholders' equity to nothing.

The purpose of accounting is to provide the company's shareholders with a clear picture of the company's financial health. This "photograph", which is usually published once a year, can be used as a managerial tool, allowing us to see how efficient a company is, and whether it should stay in business.

2.. Are the following statements true or false?

The balance sheet of any company is made up of its assets plus any cash on hand.
The company’s debts are listed as liabilities.
A balance sheet is the summary of what the company owes and what it owns at a given point of time.
On the right the company lists everything it owns.
«Fixed assets» called property; plant and equipment are listed on the left side of the balance sheet.
The company’s liabilities are not always included in the balance sheet.
The company’s shareholders may look at the lists on both sides of the balance sheet to see what they really own.
Shareholders have no right to calculate the stockholders’ equity.
Accounting gives the shareholders a clear picture of the company’s financial position.
Profit and loss statement is the overview of a company’s day-to-day activities.
The profit of a company includes its expenses and revenues.
There are many ways to determine the depreciation of a company’s fixed assets.
Analysis of company’s cash flow helps to understand its activity.

3.. Complete the sentences referring to the information from the text.

A balance sheet is … .
A balance sheet is made up … .
The list of labeled assets includes … .
The company lists its liabilities … .
A book value shows … .
Owners’ equity is the difference between a firm’s …and its.
Profitability is the possibility and ability of a firm to produce … .
By … a company's liabilities from its assets, shareholders calculate the stockholders' equity

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 14

У процесі опрацювання теми Маркетинг микс знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 15

ТЕМА: МАРКЕТИНГ

1. Read and translate the text

The main feature of money is its acceptance as the means of payment or medium of exchange. Nevertheless, money has other functions. It is a standard of value, a unit of account, a store of value and a standard of deferred payment.

The Medium of Exchange. Money, the medium of exchange, is used in one-half of almost all exchange. Money is the medium through which people exchange goods and services. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. In barter economy there is no medium of exchange. Barter was a system of direct exchange of one good or service for another. Goods are traded directly or swapped for other goods. In a barter economy, the seller and the buyer each must want something the other has to offer. Each person is simultaneously a seller and a buyer. There is a double coincidence of wants. Barter was a very unsatisfactory system because people's precise needs seldom coincided.

A Measure of Value. Money can also serve as a standard of value. Society considers it convenient to use a monetary unit to determine relative costs of different goods and services. In this function money appears as the unit of account, is the unit in which prices are quoted and accounts are kept.

Store of Value .To be accepted in exchange, money has to be a store of value. Money is a store of value because it can be used to make purchases in the future. Houses, stamp collections, and interest-bearing bank accounts all serve as stores of value. Since money pays no interest and its real purchasing power is eroded by inflation, there are almost certainly better ways to store value.Finally, money serves as a standard of deferred payment or a unit of account over time. It is the unit in which prices are quoted and accounts are kept. In Britain prices are quoted in pounds sterling, in USA in dollars. It is usually convenient to use the units in which the medium of exchange is measured as the unit of account as well.Both the fiat and credit forms of money are generally made acceptable through a government decree that all creditors must take the money in settlement of debts.Fiat money in the form of banknotes is referred to as legal tender.

A coin is a piece of metal, usually disc-shaped, which bears lettering, designs or numbers showing its value. Until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries coins were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them, but most modern coins are based on face value, the value that governments choose to give them, irrespective of the actual metal content. Coins have been made of gold, silver, copper, aluminium, nickel, lead, zinc, plastic, and in China even from pressed tea leaves.

Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes, which are really “promises to pay”. Paper money is obviously easier to handle and much more convenient in the modern world. Cheques, bankers’ cards, and credit cards are being used increasingly and it is possible to imagine a world where “money” in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used. Banknotes are usually made from special high-quality paper, with watermarks, metallic strips, and other features against forgery. Highly sophisticated printing techniques are used, and banknote designs have elements that are hard to copy. Fronts and backs of notes are printed separately, and serial numbers are added later.

Other arrangements such as checks and money orders are not legal tender. They perform the function of substitute money and are known as instruments of credit. Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they get a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institution. If a man’s assets are known to be considerable, then the credit will be good. If his assets are in doubt, it may be difficult for him to obtain large sums of credit or even to pay for goods with a check.

2. Read the words and guess their meanings:

Exchange labour services for money, you must hand over in exchange a good or service, a double coincidence of wants, spend a lot of time and effor, make mutually satisfactory swap, a barter economy is wasteful; commodity generally accepted in payment for goods, prices are quoted and accounts are kept, its purchasing power is eroded by inflation, it's usually but not invariably, convenient, cut back on other uses, exceeds its cost of production, by collectively agreeing, the survival of token money, society enforces the use of token money, token money is supplemented by IOU money, interest-bearing bank accounts.

3. Are the following statements true or false?

Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and paper notes of one kind or another.
Barter was a system of indirect exchange of goods.
Barter, however, was a very satisfactory system.
Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable, recognizable and divisible into larger and smaller units of value.
Most governments now issue paper money in the form of notes.
These notes are used by governments and authorized banks, and are known as legal tender.
Checks and money orders are legal tender.
Credit is offered only when creditors believe that they get a good chance of obtaining legal tender when they present such instruments at a bank or other authorized institution.
If too much money is available, its value decreases, and it does not buy as much as it did, say, five years earlier.
Private production of token money is legal.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 15

У процесі опрацювання теми Маркетинг знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

СЕМІНАР № 16

ТЕМА: ФІНАНСОВІ УСТАНОВИ

1. Read and translate the text

What am I going to do after school or university? Maybe I should consider a job in the world of banking. There's a surprisingly wide range to choose from — for example, I could work for a high-street bank. Let us see what's what and who's who. If to take the roof off a high-street bank, one can reveal that lots of people work behind the scenes in banks. There's the clerical staff (sometimes called bank clerks), and their job includes sorting cheques, making sure that each customer receives a statement of his/ her account each month, keeping detailed up-to-date records of all bank's business.

The Enquiries, Desk. This is where you go if you need advice about the bank's services.

The Manager. This is the person in charge of the bank. She or he: (a) gives customers advice about their finances, (b) makes sure that the bank and its staff are working properly.

The Small-Business Adviser. Banks provide a wide range of services to their customers. This includes advice for people with small businesses. "How do I start a business?" "How much money can I afford to borrow?" "How do I plan ahead to make my business successful?" These are questions like these, which the small-business adviser is there to answer.

The Bank's Computer System. Modem Banks keep all their financial data in computers. This makes it possible to check and provide information at the touch of button.

The Foreign Exchange Desk. This is where you go to buy or sell foreign currency.

The Vault. Money, important documents and valuable objects (e.g. paintings, jewellery) are kept here. Vaults have very thick walls and strong, steel doors with complex locks.

Video Camera. Security is vital in banks. That's why many of them use video cameras these days. They can't stop robberies, but can film the robbers.

The Cash Dispenser Machine. You need money but the bank's closed? No problem — use the cash dispenser machine. All you have to do is: (a) put your cash-card into the machine, (b) tap in your personal identification number and the amount of money you want. A few seconds later the money appears. Thanks to machines like these, many banks are now open 24 hours a day.

The Night-Safe. Shopkeepers and business people often can't get to the bank until it's closed. What do they do with money they've earned that day? They put in the night-safe — a strong metal box in the wall of the bank, which can be unlocked with a special key.

So, money is an important part of everyday life. These days, money is hi-tech (modern, well-designed and sophisticated). We have notes and coins, which are specially made. We use credit cards. Banks and stock-exchanges can move millions at a touch of a button.

So, money is universal — but why? The answer is very simple. Without it trade would be impossible, and people in any society need to exchange goods in order to survive.

2. Give answers for the questions

1. What people work in a bank?
2. What does the job of the clerical staff involve?
3. What can you do at inquiries?
4. What does the manager do at the bank?
5. What questions does the small-business adviser answer?
6. Where can you buy or sell foreign currency?
7. Why is money universal?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 16

У процесі опрацювання теми Фінансові установи знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 17

ТЕМА: ФІНАНСОВА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ

Read and translate the text

Large banks today are truly transnational enterprises. International banks, like domestic banks, act as financial intermediaries. But they operate in different legal environment. The laws regulating domestic banking in each nation are typically very restrictive, yet many nations allow international banking to operate largely unregulated. Because they are not hampered by regulations, international banks typically can offer depositors and borrowers better terms than could be negotiated at a domestic bank.The World Bank is the world’s foremost intergovernmental organization concerned with the external financing of the economic growth of developing countries. The official title of the institution is the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD).

The World Bank's activities are focused on developing countries, in fields such as human development (e.g. education, health), agriculture and rural development (e.g. irrigation, rural services), environmental protection (e.g. pollution reduction, establishing and enforcing regulations), infrastructure (e.g. roads, urban regeneration, electricity), and governance (e.g. anti-corruption, legal institutions development).The World Bank often relies on the IMF to encourage countries to make difficult economic reforms.

Voting power in the Bank (as well as in the IMF) is determined by the size of each member nation’s subscription. Ultimate power, through weighted voting, rests with the Board of Governors of the Bank. The governors meet annually in September. The day-to-day affairs of the Bank are determined by executive directors who live permanently in Washington, D.C. They hire a president, who, in turn, hires a staff.The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of economic development and poverty reduction, and for encouraging and safeguarding international investment. The group and its affiliates have their headquarters in Washington, D.C., with local offices in 124 member countries.

The World Bank Group consists of

• the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945,

• the International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956,

• the International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960,

• the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988 and

• the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), established in 1966.

The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on the flow of capital to the poorer countries of the world, both directly and indirectly, and knowledge of Third World problems has increased enormously.

2. Are the following statements true or false?

The World Bank's activities are focused on developing countries.
The World Bank Group and its affiliates have their headquarters in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
The World Bank came into formal existence on 27 December 1944 following international ratification of the Bretton Woods agreements.
The World Bank Group consists of 6 organizations.
The World Bank is the world’s foremost intergovernmental organization concerned with the external financing of the economic growth of developing countries.
The official title of the World Bank is International Monetary and Financial Committee.
Voting power in the World Bank is determined by the size of each member nation’s subscription.
By tradition, the president of the World Bank is an American.
The Board of Directors consists of 22 members.
Because of the size of their subscription five nations (the United States, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom and France) are entitled to appoint executive directors.

3. Fill in the gaps using the words given

graduate scholarship programs, economic development, the external financing, executive directors, the flow of capital, intermediaries, the productivity, subscription, the prospects, developing, reasonably, foremost, lending, poverty, power

Voting ___ in the Bank is determined by the size of each member nation’s ____ .
International banks, like domestic banks, act as financial ____.
The World Bank is the world’s ___ intergovernmental organization.
The World Bank is concerned with ____ of the economic growth of ____ countries.
Before recommending a Bank loan, the staff of the Bank must be ____ satisfied that ____of the borrowing country will be increased and that ____ for repayment are good.
The Bank has also paid increasing attention to the evaluation of previous ____.
The day-to-day affairs of the Bank are determined by ____ who live permanently in Washington.
The World Bank Group has had a significant positive effect on ____ to the poorer countries of the world.
The World Bank Group is a group of five international organizations responsible for providing finance and advice to countries for the purposes of ____and ____ reduction, and for encouraging and safeguarding international investment.
World Bank also engages in funding the education of promising young people from developing countries through its ____.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 17

У процесі опрацювання теми Фінансова діяльність знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 18

ТЕМА: ГРОШОВИЙ РИНОК

1. Read and translate the text

Monetary policy is one of the tools that a national Government uses to influence its economy. Using its monetary authority to control the supply and availability of money, a government attempts to influence the overall level of economic activity in line with its political objectives. Monetary policy is one of the main instruments of macroeconomics. It is based on the ability of the Central bank to control the money supply, which leads to changes in interest rates and the exchange rate, and therefore in the amount of investment, which influences directly the national output.This method of controlling the economy centers on adjusting the amount of money in circulation in the economy and so the level of spending and economic activity.The Central Bank attempts to achieve economic stability by varying the quantity of money in circulation, the cost and availability of credit, and the composition of a country's national debt. The Central Bank has three instruments available to it in order to implement monetary policy:

Controlling the money supply
Controlling interest rates
Managing the exchange rate

The aim of the authorities when controlling the money supply is to limit the amount borrowed, and hence spent, by businesses and individuals during a inflationary period. It is hoped in this way to limit the level of overall demand in the economy and thus to remove or reduce inflationary pressure. During a recession monetary policy is aimed at increasing the money supply to encourage spendings.

The three most important instruments available to affect the money supply are:

open market operations,
reserve requirements
the discount rate.

Open Market Operations. Open market operations are the most important way of controlling the money supply. It refers to the Bank trading government bonds in the open market - that is when they are bought from and sold to commercial banks and individuals.When the Bank sells government bonds in the open market, the Bank withdraws the money from population and reduces the money supply. When the Bank buys government bonds in the open market, it increases the amount of money in circulation and hence the money supply.

Reserve requirements are a percentage of commercial banks', and other depository institutions', demand deposit liabilities (i.e. chequing accounts) that must be kept on deposit at the Central Bank as a requirement of Banking Regulations. Though seldom used, this percentage may be changed by the Central Bank at any time, thereby affecting the money supply and credit conditions. If the reserve requirement percentage is increased, this would reduce the money supply by requiring a larger percentage of the banks, and depository institutions, demand deposits to be held by the Central Bank, thus taking them out of supply. As a result, an increase in reserve requirements would increase interest rates, as less currency is available to borrowers. This type of action is only performed occasionally as it affects money supply in a major way. Altering reserve requirements is not merely a short-term corrective measure, but a long-term shift in the money supply.

The Discount Rate.The second instrument of monetary control available to the central bank is the discount rate.The discount rate is the interest rate that the Bank charges when the commercial banks want to borrow money. Thus, by setting the discount rate at a penalty level in excess of the general level of interest rates, the Bank can induce commercial banks voluntarily to hold additional cash reserves. Since banks have to hold more cash as reserves, the money multiplier is reduced, less money can be created and the money supply is lower.

2. Fill in the gaps with the words and expressions from the text:

Monetary policy is a method of controlling the economy that centres on the amount of money _____ in the economy and so ______ and _____ .
In some ____ countries the Central Bank operates monetary policy government policy.
Monetary policy has three main aspects: controlling ____ , controlling ____ , managing ____.
The aim of the authorities when controlling the money supply is ____ , and hence ____ , by businesses and individuals during ____ .
It is hoped to limit the level of ____ in the economy and thus to remove or reduce ____ .
During a recession monetary policy is aimed at ____ to ____ spendings.
The three most important instruments ____ the money supply are ____ , ____ and ____ .
When the Bank sells ____ in the open market, the Bank ____ the money from population and ____ the money supply.
When the Bank buys government bonds in the open market, it ____ the amount of money____ and hence ___.
Banks have to hold a proportion of their assets ____ in case customers demand.
The required reserve has to be ____ , that is easily____ into cash.
____ is a minimum ratio of____ to ____ hat the central bank requires commercial banks to hold.
Commercial banks can make loans, i.e. they can ____ and increase ____ .
The discount rate is ____ that the Bank ____ when the commercial banks want ____ .

3. Are the following statements true or false? If they are false correct them.

The Central Bank borrows money from other banks.
The responsibility of the Central Bank is managing the money supply and interest rates.
The Central Bank tries to lower inflation restricting the supply of money and increasing credit costs.
Small businesses and consumers pay the prime rate when they borrow money from banks.
A required reserve ratio is a minimum ratio of cash reserves to deposits that the central bank requires commercial banks to hold.
Commercial banks can make loans, i.e. they can create money and increase their excess reserves.
According to recent studies the money supply and interest rates can be effectively changed by the traditional central bank tools.
Monetary policy is an instrument for moving the economy from a recession.
During inflation velocity may fall when the money supply is restrained.
Expenditures on capital goods and interest rates are mutually dependent.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 18

У процесі опрацювання теми Грошовий ринок знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 19

ТЕМА: РИНКИ ЦІННИХ ПАПЕРІВ

1. Read and translate the text

International trade is the exchange of goods and services between different countries. Depending on what a country produces and needs, it can export (sell goods to another country) and import (buy goods from another country).Whenever a country imports or exports goods and services, there is a resulting flow of funds: money returns to the exporting nation, and money flows out of the importing nation. Trade and investment is a two-way street, and with a minimum of trade barriers, international trade and investment usually makes everyone better off.In an interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and export those things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has to offer.Some trade barriers will always exist as long as any two countries have different sets of laws. However, when a country decides to protect its economy by erecting artificial trade barriers, the result is often damaging to everyone, including those people the barriers were meant to protect.

Governments can control international trade. The most common measures are tariffs (or duties) and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time. These measures are protectionist as they raise the price of imported goods to «protect» domestically produced goods.International organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization) and EFTA (European Free Trade Association) regulate tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries.Companies can choose from various methods to establish their products in a foreign market. One option is to start by working with local experts such as sole agents or multi-distributors, who have specialist knowledge of the market and sell on behalf of the company. This often leads to the company opening a local branch or sales office. Another option is to sell, or give permission to use, patents and licenses for their products. Companies may wish to start by manufacturing in the export market, in which case they can either set up a local subsidiary or a joint venture with a local partner.

Many of these documents can be replaced with computerized procedures. Standard 'aligned' export documentation is also used: the required information is entered on a single master document and then photocopied to produce all the required documents.Many import or export deals are arranged through an exporter's agent or distributor abroad – in this case the importer buys from a company in his own country and this company imports the goods. Alternatively, the deal may be arranged through an importer's buying agent in a buying house acting for the importer, or through an export house based in the exporter's country. In this situation, the exporter sells directly to a company in his own country, who will then export the goods.

Prices for exports may be quoted in the buyer's currency, the seller's currency or in a third 'hard' currency (e.g. US dollars, EURO or Swiss Francs). The price quoted always indicates the terms of delivery, which conform to the international standard Incoterms. The terms of delivery that are most common depend on the kinds of goods being traded and the countries between which the trade is taking place.

2.Are the following statements true or false?

Generally money flows out of the exporting nation and returns to the importing nation.
In a interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products at the best price.
International trade involves various currencies.
Some trade barriers exist if two countries have similar sets of laws.
Each country produces goods and services that can be exported or consumed.
When a country decides to protect its economy by breaking some trade barriers, the result is damaged to everyone.
With a maximum of trade barriers, international trade and investment usually makes everyone better off.
Governments can’t control international trade.
A tariff is the maximum quantity of a product allowed into a country during a certain period of time.
Companies can choose from various methods to establish their products in a foreign market.
Export is the physical movement of merchandise out of a country.
Export license is a government document which permits the exporters to export certain goods to certain countries.

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 19

У процесі опрацювання теми Ринки цінних паперів знати лексичний матеріал з теми,

СЕМІНАР № 20

ТЕМА: РИНКИ ТА ПРОЦЕНТНІ СТАВКИ

1. Read and translate the text

Investors may be organizations or individuals. Organizations as institutional investors buy securities with their funds or funds held in trust for others. Major institutional investors are insurance companies, pension funds and universities. Insurance companies make their investments generate profits and funds for paying future insurance claims. A pension fund wants to make money on its investments so that it can payoff pensioners. The other types of investors are individuals who trade securities for their own accounts. The majority of personal investors have rather small stock portfolios. They often use these funds for major purchases such as a home, retirement income, or as a source of cash in case of emergency. The objectives of investors can be identified in terms of speculation, growth, and income. Some investors set an objective of achieving big payoffs. They engage in speculation, or assuming large risks in the hope of large returns. One of the ways to speculate is to buy “penny stock”. “Penny stock” is typically a share in new ventures.

More investors are interested in long term growth in the value of their investment. They trend to prefer the so called blue chip stocks of large, high quality companies such as IBM, General Motors, American Express. The dividends for blue chip stocks is rather low because these firms reinvest much of their profits in research in order to remain competitive.Some investors seek income. They are interested in a stock’s yield which is the percentage return from stock dividends. The highest regular yields are provided by utility stocks because they have minimal risk.

The investors take risk only within certain limits. Common stock is less safe than preferred stock because preferred stockholders receive dividends before they are paid to the common stockholders. In the case of common stock, utilities are safer than high tech stock. The safest type of securities are government bonds because they are backed by the government.

2.. Complete the sentences and translate:

1. More investors are interested in ………

2. The objectives of investors….

3. Major institutional investors are ….

4. The dividends for blue chip stocks ….

5. The investors take risk ………..

6. The safest type of securities are ………………

3. Make sentences by adding a suitable beginning to the following:

1. …assuming large risks in the hope of large returns.

2. …buy securities with their funds.

3. … an objective of achieving big payoff.

4. …… for major purchases such as a home, retirement income.

5. ……so that it can payoff pensioners.

4.. Answer some questions on the Text:

1. What two types of investors are there?

2. What are the major institutional investors?

3. What do the personal investors use their funds for?

4. Where does “penny stock” usually come from?

5. What businesses provide the highest regular yields?

6. What is the safest type of security?

Вимоги до знань та умінь студентів

Студент повинен з н а т и:

- лексику з теми;

- основні поняття зі спеціальності, менеджменту, маркетингу, економіки тощо;

Студент повинен в м і т и:

-формулювати відповідь на поставлене запитання;складати діалоги;

-брати участь в обговоренні питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку;

- виконувати граматичні вправи з теми.

Методичні рекомендації по підготовці до семінару 20

У процесі опрацювання теми Ринки та процентні ставки знати лексичний матеріал з теми, використовувати основні фонетичні, граматичні, лексичні й стилістичні особливості мови під час перекладу, вміти використовувати електронні словники, корегувати , виправляти помилки, звернути увагу на особливості перекладу термінів зі спеціальності, вміти давати відповіді на питання до тексту, виконувати граматичні вправи, підготуватися до обговорення питань, чітко, зрозуміло висловлювати свою думку.

5 ВИСНОВКИ

Метою семінарських занять з дисципліни Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням) є закріплення лексичної компетенції, лексичних навичок, а саме навичок інтуїтивно-правильного утворення, вживання і розуміння англомовної лексики на основі мовленнєвих лексичних зв’язків між слухо-мовленнєво-моторною і графічною формами слів та їх значень, а також зв’язків між словами англійської мови.

Завдання до семінару передбачають використання базових знань іноземної мови в різних видах мовленнєвої діяльності в обсязі тематики, що обумовлена професійними потребами; оволодіння новітньою фаховою інформацією через іноземні джерела,закріплення знань з спеціальних дисциплін:органічної та аналітичної хiмії, математики, процеси і апарати нафтогазопереробки, основи технології нафтохімічного синтезу, хімії і технології нафти і газу, основи автоматизації технологічних процесів,фізики, тощо.

Методична розробка передбачає використання інноваційних форм та методів навчання у процесі розвитку усного монологічного та діалогічного мовлення, навичок читання, аудіювання та вдосконалення граматичних знань, умінь та навичок студентів, а саме: індивідуальна робота, робота в парах та групах, групове дослідження.

Виконуючи завдання семінарських занять з дисципліни Іноземна мова (за професійним спрямуванням) студенти повинні :

1) правильно вживати лексичні одиниці активного мінімуму в говорінні та письмі згідно із ситуаціями спілкування та цілями комунікації;

2) розпізнавати та розуміти лексичні одиниці активного і пасивного мінімумів при читанні та аудіюванні;

3) знати значення лексичних одиниць, що відносяться до потенційного словника при читанні та аудіюванні;

4) користуватися різними видами словників (двомовних, одномовних, фразеологічних, тематичних, країнознавчих, спеціальних);

5) розуміти повідомлення та інструкції в академічному та професійному середовищі;

6) чітко аргументувати свої позиції відносно актуальних тем в академічному та професійному житті (на конференціях, у дискусіях в академічному навчальному середовищі),

7) оформлювати у вигляді перекладу і реферування рідною мовою інформацію, одержану з іноземних джерел;

8) створювати і готувати ділову та професійну кореспонденцію з високим рівнем граматичної коректності; вести дискусію на запропоновану тематику, передбачену програмою.

Використовуючи дані методичні рекомендації студенти мають можливість поглибити й розширити знання з Іноземної мови (за професійним спрямуванням). Виконання завдань створює базу для формування як внутрішньої мотивації вивчення іноземної мови, так і навчання студентів взагалі, формують творчу особистість спеціаліста, здатного до самовдосконалення та самоосвіти.

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15.2 ІНФОРМАЦІЙНІ РЕСУРСИ

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